The dynamics of the emission spectrum of an Er: YLF laser in the pulsed-periodic operating regime

Inochkin, M. V.; Назаров, В. Е.; Sachkov, Dmitry; Khloponin, L. V.; Khramov, V. Yu.

doi:10.1364/jot.77.000413

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Their concentrations range from 1.7 at.% to 5 at.% [78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90]. Er:YLF crystals commonly have an Er 3+ doping concentration of 15 at.% [91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103]. Compared with garnet crystals, fluoride crystals have lower phonon energies [2,7,51,82,83,86] (447 cm −1 ; 280 cm −1 ; 322 cm −1 ) that help to reduce the non-radiative transition and multi-phonon relaxation probability between energy levels.…”

Section: Development Status Of Er-doped Fluoride Crystals and Their L...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It realized 2720-2840 nm tuning at 11 different wavelengths. In 2012, M. V. Inochkin [96][97][98][99] used Fe:ZnSe crystals for Q-switching, and the device is shown in Figure 5b. It obtained a 2.81 µm laser output of 3 mJ and a pulse width of 30 ns [96][97][98][99].…”

Section: Er:ylfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2012, M. V. Inochkin [96][97][98][99] used Fe:ZnSe crystals for Q-switching, and the device is shown in Figure 5b. It obtained a 2.81 µm laser output of 3 mJ and a pulse width of 30 ns [96][97][98][99]. In 2018, Manuel Messner proposed a new diode-side-pumped Er:YLF scheme [91].…”

Section: Er:ylfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of the 2.7 μm to 3 μm Erbium-Doped Laser

Liu,

Gu,

Liu

et al. 2023

Crystals

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The 3 μm wavelength band laser is located on the strong absorption peak of water and the atmospheric transmission window. The 3 μm laser with high single pulse energy is used in medical treatment for cutting soft tissues and bones during surgery. It is used as a pump source for optical parametric oscillators, and Fe lasers can realize 3~5 μm or 8~14 μm laser output, which has an irreplaceable role in certain areas (e.g., optoelectronic countermeasures, LIDAR, atmospheric monitoring, etc.). Commercial semiconductor-pumped Er lasers are capable of achieving 3 μm laser output of 600 mJ with the maturation of a 970 nm semiconductor laser. The conversion efficiency is significantly improved. However, the energy is lower than a flash-lamp-pumped Er laser. There are still serious crystal thermal effects and an inefficient conversion process. In this paper, the energy-level systems of 3 μm Er-doped lasers are discussed. A summary of the current state of research on Er lasers using different matrices and the commercialization of Er-doped lasers with wavelengths ranging from 2.7 μm to 3 μm is also provided. Several technical means are given to enhance laser performance. Furthermore, the development of Er-doped solid-state lasers with wavelengths between 2.7 and 3 μm is envisaged in the near future.

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Section: Development Status Of Er-doped Fluoride Crystals and Their L...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Er:ylfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of the 2.7 μm to 3 μm Erbium-Doped Laser

Liu,

Gu,

Liu

et al. 2023

Crystals

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“…A diodepumped YLF:Er laser [23] was used operating in freerunning mode. In the experiments, the laser wave length was 2.84 μm, the laser pulse energy was 0.9 ± 0.1 mJ, laser pulse duration was 285 ± 5 μs, and the repetition rate of laser pulses was 3 Hz.…”

Section: Lasermentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of the mechanical and chemical properties of dental enamel using Er laser radiation with sub-ablative energy density

Беликов

Skrypnik

Shatilova

2013

Photonics &Amp; Lasers in Medicine

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Background and objective: Lasers can be successfully used for the modification of biological tissues. In den tistry, an increase in strength and the chemical pro perties of enamel with a laser in order to prevent tooth decay appears to be quite promising. We investigated microhardness and acid resistance of human tooth enamel in vitro before and after treatment by YLF:Er laser radiation with subablative energy density. Scan ning electron microscope (SEM) study of the enamel surface before and after laser treatment was carried out. A possible mechanism of the laser radiation effect on the microhardness and acid resistance of enamel is discussed. Materials and methods: Enamel of the tooth crown was investigated in vitro. A pulsed diodepumped YLF:Er laser (λ = 2.84 μm) was used operating in freerunning mode with an energy density on the enamel surface of about 2 J/cm 2 . A pattern was created on the enamel surface, every point of the pattern being formed by the impact of 100 laser pulses. Microhardness before (HV e ) and after (HV te ) laser treatment was measured by the Vickers hardness test. Microhardness of intact and lasertreated enamel were measured after mechanical cleaning with an abrasive toothpaste at room temperature to estimate the wear resistance (abrasion resistance). Gel Etchant (Kerr, Scafati, Italy) was applied to intact and lasertreated enamel. The exposure time during which intact (t e ) and treated (t te ) enamel was destroyed was determined to esti mate acid resistance. Scanning microscopy of enamel before and after laser treatment was carried out using a SEM. The original SEM image processing technique allowed us to estimate the porosity of the enamel surface before and after laser treatment. Results: The measured microhardness of intact enamel of human tooth crown was HV e = 310 ± 10, and enamel microhardness after laser treatment reached HV te = 375 ± 10. However, even after 45 min mechanical cleaning with abrasive toothpaste at room temperature, lasertreated enamel microhardness was higher than intact enamel microhardness. Measured exposure time t e was 3 ± 1 s, and the exposure time t te was 180 ± 15 s. The porosity of the intact enamel surface is almost three times greater than the porosity of lasertreated enamel. Conclusion: In this paper it was found that subablative YLF:Er laser radiation modifies the intact enamel in such a way that the enamel microhardness increases and can exceed the intact enamel microhardness by 20%. Laser treated enamel can resist abrasive impact during a time equivalent to 3 years of standard dental hygiene. Laser treated enamel can resist an external aggressive medium containing 37.5% phosphoric acid significantly longer than intact enamel. The observed improvement in the mechanical and chemical properties of the enamel can be explained by a significant reduction in enamel porosity after laser radiation impact. ZusammenfassungHintergrund und Zielsetzung: Laser können erfolgreich für die Modifikation von biologischen Geweben einge setzt werden. In der Zahnmedizin ...

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