The Dynamics of the Skin’s Immune System

Nguyen, Alan V.; Soulika, Athena M.

doi:10.3390/ijms20081811

Cited by 465 publications

(407 citation statements)

References 556 publications

(654 reference statements)

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“…The skin is the main defensive barrier in the body against a large variety of environmental factors and is responsible for maintaining body homeostasis, defence and repair [1]. It is well known that exposure to external factors (e.g., sun radiation, air pollution, tobacco smoke, nutrition and temperature) and internal factors (e.g., sleep deprivation or stress) trigger molecular processes that damage skin structure [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Deschampsia antarctica (EDAFENCE®) on Skin Cells against Blue Light Emitted from Digital Devices

Lorrio

Rodríguez-Luna

Delgado-Wicke

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Skin is being increasingly exposed to artificial blue light due to the extensive use of electronic devices. This, together with recent observations reporting that blue light—also known as high-energy visible light—can exert cytotoxic effects associated with oxidative stress and promote hyperpigmentation, has sparked interest in blue light and its potential harmful effects on skin. The photoprotective properties of new extracts of different botanicals with antioxidant activity are therefore being studied. Deschampsia antarctica (Edafence®, EDA), a natural aqueous extract, has shown keratinocyte and fibroblast cell protection effects against ultraviolet radiation and dioxin toxicity. In this regard, we studied the protective capacity of EDA against the deleterious effects of artificial blue light irradiation in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and melanocytes. We analyzed the impact of EDA on viability, cell morphology, oxidative stress, melanogenic signaling pathway activation and hyperpigmentation in HDF and melanocytes subjected to artificial blue light irradiation. Our results show that EDA protects against cell damage caused by artificial blue light, decreasing oxidative stress, melanogenic signaling pathway activation and hyperpigmentation caused by blue light irradiation. All these findings suggest that EDA might help prevent skin damage produced by artificial blue light exposure from screen of electronic devices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Deschampsia antarctica (EDAFENCE®) on Skin Cells against Blue Light Emitted from Digital Devices

Lorrio

Rodríguez-Luna

Delgado-Wicke

et al. 2020

IJMS

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show abstract

Section: Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Skin immune system is comprised of several types of innate and adaptive immune cells located in the two skin layers, epidermis and dermis . In addition to immune cells in skin, pathogens can also be sensed by pattern recognition receptors expressed by nonimmune cells that participate in immune responses by releasing soluble mediators . Recently, sebaceous glands in dermis have been suggested to participate in cutaneous immunity by releasing anti‐microbial peptides (AMPs), cytokines and chemokines upon pathogen recognition .…”

Section: Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, sebaceous glands in dermis have been suggested to participate in cutaneous immunity by releasing anti‐microbial peptides (AMPs), cytokines and chemokines upon pathogen recognition . Sebaceous glands also release sebum which prevent microbial entry into the deeper layers by acting as a ‘seal’ for the hair follicles …”

Section: Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite being the first line of defence against Demodex mites, the role of innate immune response during demodicosis has not yet received enough attention. As Demodex mites feed on epidermal cells and sebum, their overpopulation can result in mite penetration into dermis following destruction of epithelial layers and interaction with dermal sebaceous glands which are involved in cutaneous immune responses via releasing soluble mediators upon pathogen recognition …”

Section: Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

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Immune mechanisms in human and canine demodicosis: A review

Gazi

Taylan-Özkan

Mumcuoglu³

2019

Parasite Immunology

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| INTRODUC TI ONDemodex mites are presumed to be saprophytic parasites of the mammalian skin, and animals including humans are usually carriers without any clinical signs of demodicosis. 1 The two Demodex species in humans, Demodex folliculorum and D brevis, are found ubiquitously in all human races without gender preference, but rarely in newborn and infrequently in children that suggests the main transmission is via physical contact. 2,3 D folliculorum is primarily found as a cluster in the hair follicle and is the predominant type in the face area, while D brevis possesses more wider distribution on the human body and found in the sebaceous gland. 2,4 In contrast, among the three Demodex species found in dogs, while the habitat of D canis and D injai are hair follicles and sebaceous glands, D cornei inhabits in stratum corneum of epidermis. 5,6 There have also been reports documenting cross-infections between humans and animals; however, the reliability of these rare case reports remains to be verified, due to the polymorphism reported in D canis and D folliculorum. [7][8][9] Clinical manifestations of demodicosis differ between humans and dogs; while it is not life-threatening in former, latter can suffer from fatal consequences. Nevertheless, since there is a close genetic relationship between D folliculorum and D canis, and demodicosis is highly prevalent in certain dog breeds while it is rarely reported in laboratory mice, dog studies are thought to provide valuable insights AbstractDemodex mites are saprophytic parasites of the mammalian skin, mostly found in or near pilosebaceous units of hairy regions. While they can be found in healthy humans and animals without causing any clinical manifestations, they were suggested to create pathogenic symptoms when they appear in high densities under favourable conditions (ie, demodicosis). Nevertheless, their role as the primary causative agent

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The circadian clock and diseases of the skin

et al. 2021

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Organisms have an evolutionarily conserved internal rhythm that helps them anticipate and adapt to daily changes in the environment. Synchronized to the light-dark cycle with a period of around 24 hours, the timing of the circadian clock is set by light-triggering signals sent from the retina to the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Other inputs, including food intake, exercise, and temperature, also affect clocks in peripheral tissues, including skin. Here, we review the intricate interplay between the core clock network and fundamental physiological processes in skin such as homeostasis, regeneration, and immune-and stress responses. We illustrate the effect of feeding time on the skin circadian clock and skin functions, a previously overlooked area of research. We then discuss works that relate the circadian clock and its disruption to skin diseases, including skin cancer, sunburn, hair loss, aging, infections, inflammatory skin diseases, and wound healing. Finally, we highlight the promise of circadian medicine for skin disease prevention and management.

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The Dynamics of the Skin’s Immune System

Cited by 465 publications

References 556 publications

Protective Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Deschampsia antarctica (EDAFENCE®) on Skin Cells against Blue Light Emitted from Digital Devices

Protective Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Deschampsia antarctica (EDAFENCE®) on Skin Cells against Blue Light Emitted from Digital Devices

Immune mechanisms in human and canine demodicosis: A review

The circadian clock and diseases of the skin

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