The Dynamics of Ticks and Capybaras in a Residential Park Area in Southeastern Brazil: Implications for the Risk of <i>Rickettsia rickettsii</i> Infection

Nunes, Fernanda B. Passos; Silva, Silvio C. da; Cieto, Alex Deiws; Labruna, Marcelo Bahia

doi:10.1089/vbz.2019.2479

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…In the case of A . sculptum , our results and the study of [53] showed that R . rickettsii was established only when there was an overgrowth population of A .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

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Epidemiology of capybara-associated Brazilian spotted fever

et al. 2019

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BackgroundBrazilian spotted fever (BSF), caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, has been associated with the transmission by the tick Amblyomma sculptum, and one of its main hosts, the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris).MethodsDuring 2015–2019, we captured capybaras and ticks in seven highly anthropic areas of São Paulo state (three endemic and four nonendemic for BSF) and in two natural areas of the Pantanal biome, all with established populations of capybaras.ResultsThe BSF-endemic areas were characterized by much higher tick burdens on both capybaras and in the environment, when compared to the BSF-nonendemic areas. Only two tick species (A. sculptum and Amblyomma dubitatum) were found in the anthropic areas; however, with a great predominance of A. sculptum (≈90% of all ticks) in the endemic areas, in contrast to a slight predominance of A. dubitatum (≈60%) in the nonendemic areas. Tick species richness was higher in the natural areas, where six species were found, albeit with a predominance of A. sculptum (≈95% of all ticks) and environmental tick burdens much lower than in the anthropic areas. The BSF-endemic areas were characterized by overgrowth populations of A. sculptum that were sustained chiefly by capybaras, and decreased populations of A. dubitatum. In contrast, the BSF-nonendemic areas with landscape similar to the endemic areas differed by having lower tick burdens and a slight predominance of A. dubitatum over A.sculptum, both sustained chiefly by capybaras. While multiple medium- to large-sized mammals have been incriminated as important hosts for A. sculptum in the natural areas, the capybara was the only important host for this tick in the anthropic areas.ConclusionsThe uneven distribution of R. rickettsii infection among A. sculptum populations in highly anthropic areas of São Paulo state could be related to the tick population size and its proportion to sympatric A. dubitatum populations.

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“…In the case of A . sculptum , our results and the study of [53] showed that R . rickettsii was established only when there was an overgrowth population of A .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…sculptum /trap (≈47 times higher than in 2006) and 2.1 A . dubitatum /trap (≈0.3 times lower than in 2006) [53]. The authors concluded that the emergence of BSF in the area in 2012 was a consequence of the increase of the local capybara population, which in turn, provided the increment of the A .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of capybara-associated Brazilian spotted fever

et al. 2019

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“…As they become synanthropic wildlife (invading agricultural and urban areas with abundant high-caloric food sources), adults may weigh over 100 kg (Abreu Bovo, 2016;Rosenfield et al, 2019a). To control their super populations and combat the associated spread of zoonotic disease, as well as other human-wildlife conflicts, capybara has recently become the subject of several research projects (Luz et al, 2019;Passos Nunes et al, 2019;Rosenfield & Pizzutto, 2019;Rosenfield et al, 2019aRosenfield et al, , 2019bYanai & Cortopassi, 2020), or require medical attention due to injuries suffered during common human-capybara conflicts, as well as clinical care in zoos and parks around the world, and even as pets. Having a solid understanding of the anatomy of the wildlife species, particularly when working with them in the field, aids in the often-multidisciplinary research activities, including capture strategies by physical and chemical restraint, physical examination, and planning and performing clinical or surgical procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides obtaining radiographic images, additional objectives were to practice orotracheal intubation, which is rather challenging, compared to other species (Girotto, 2018), and urethral catheterization, for future pharmaceutical induced semen collection techniques (Araujo et al, 2020;Rosenfield et al, 2019a). Although several publications have partially described the anatomic and radiographic structures of H. hydrochaeris (Araújo et al, 2012;Bode et al, 2016aBode et al, , 2016bBrombini et al, 2018;Hirota et al, 2018;Kihara, 2017;Schimming et al, 2015;Silva, 2019), this is the first reference on the complete radiographic skeletal anatomy, supported by bone specimens, intended as a reference for scientific studies and clinical-surgical applications. > 40kg are considered adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gross Osteology and digital radiography of the common Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), Carl Linnaeus, 1766 for scientific and clinical application

Rosenfield

Paretsis

Yanai

et al. 2020

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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Being able to study anatomical structures of wildlife species for science and clinical practice is of great importance. We aimed to describe the normal gross osteology of the common adult capybara Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus, 1766), using macerated bone specimens and high-resolution digital radiography. The complete axial and appendicular skeleton was further compared with previously reported anatomical findings. For this purpose, we used three adult capybara cadavers (two females and one male), with a mean bodyweight of ±50 kg. Some H. hydrochaeris-specific morphological characteristics, especially in the skull region, show evidence of adaptation to aquatic life, such as an elongated head shape, with eyes, ears, and nose, located dorsally, to stay above water. Additionally, the entire bone structure demonstrates the size and weight support of the largest rodent and its adaptation with respect to foraging and locomotion behaviors. As a semi-aquatic herbivore, classified as cursorial (having limbs adapted for running), the authors believe it should be reclassified as cursorial-swimming/diving. Moreover, we argue to consider a differentiation between H. hydrochaeris silvestris to H. hydrochaeris synanthrope, due to substantial weight variation, in some cases > 100%. This inevitably has an impact on the development of bone structure, thus influencing habitual adaptation, and consequently, its clinical implications and animal handling. Radiography exams helped in the identification of bone structures, which otherwise were not observed in anatomical specimens, such as ossa sesamoidea, including the ossicle lunulae. Likewise, the radiographs were particularly helpful in overall better comprehension of the intubation and catheterization procedures. We believe this work can contribute as a reference to anatomical studies for students and professionals acting in clinic, surgery, and research.

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“…It is not uncommon for humans and capybaras to live in the same environment, for example, university campus, luxury residential parks, municipal parks and, in some cases, even within the city, next to water collections , BOVO et al 2016, PASSOS NUNES et al, 2019. Such proximity has brought certain losses with regard to public health and safety , ABRA et al 2019, PASSOS NUNES et al 2019).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

>b<Comparison of morphometric patterns and blood biochemistry in capybaras (>i<Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris>/i<) of human-modified landscapes and natural landscapes>/b<

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The Dynamics of Ticks and Capybaras in a Residential Park Area in Southeastern Brazil: Implications for the Risk of Rickettsia rickettsii Infection

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Epidemiology of capybara-associated Brazilian spotted fever

Epidemiology of capybara-associated Brazilian spotted fever

Gross Osteology and digital radiography of the common Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), Carl Linnaeus, 1766 for scientific and clinical application

>b<Comparison of morphometric patterns and blood biochemistry in capybaras (>i<Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris>/i<) of human-modified landscapes and natural landscapes>/b<

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