The Dynamics of Water in Heterogeneous Systems with Emphasis on Subzero Temperatures

Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation study of the thermal denaturation of transferrins

“…This has already been reported for most of the protein-water systems studied (Oakes, 1976a,b;Lelihvre and Creamer, 1978;Mahdi, 1979;Richardson et al, 1986;Lambelet et al, 1989;Myers-Betts and Baianu, 1990a) and is consistent with a fast exchange between bound and free water populations (Derbyshire, 1982).…”

Mobility of Water in Sucrose Solutions Determined by Deuterium and Oxygen‐l7 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurements

“…This behavior is described by the isotropic two-state model with fast exchange (Zimmerman and Brittin, 1957). The two-state model which has been applied to several polymer systems (Hansen, 1976;Derbyshire, 1982;Lioutas, 1984;Richardson et al, 1986) predicts a linear relationship between the observed relaxation a 2 10' z retained during baking in the wild salmon of the present experiment . The correlation found between redness and carotenoid concentration of raw salmon flesh, concurred with results reported by Schmidt and Idler (1958) and by Saito (1969).…”

Influences of the Glassy and Rubbery States on the Thermal, Mechanical, and Structural Properties of Doughs and Baked Products

“…Analogously, for model solutions of small sugars at room temperature, results of NMR and dielectric relaxation measurements have shown that "the residence time of a given water molecule at a solvation site [i.e., a hydroxyl group on a sugar] is extremely short, less than 1 ns" (Franks, 1983a(Franks, , 1983b. Furthermore, results from studies of synthetic polymers Qin et aI., 1984) and polymeric carbohydrate and protein gels (Wynne-Jones and Blanshard, 1986;Lillford, 1988) alike have demonstrated conclusively that water molecules said to be "bound" to polar groups on such polymeric solutes are in fact highly mobile (especially compared to the mobility of water in ice [Derbyshire, 1982]) and able to exchange freely and rapidly, likewise on an NMR timescale, with other (so-called "free" or "bulk") water molecules and D 2 0. Other studies have concluded that "bound" water has thermally labile hydrogen bonds (Pouchly et aI., 1979;Biros et aI., 1979), shows cooperative molecular mobility (Hoeve, 1980), has a heat capacity approximately equal to that of liquid water rather than ice (Hoeve and Hoeve, 1978;Hoeve, 1980;, and has some capability to dissolve salts (Burghoff and Pusch, 1980).…”