The dynamics of xylem sap pH under drought: a universal response in herbs?

Gloser, Vít; Korovetska, Halyna; Martin-Vertedor, Ana Isabel; Hájíčková, Martina; Prokop, Zbyněk; Wilkinson, Sally; Davies, W. J.

doi:10.1007/s11104-016-2962-6

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Extrusion of malate 2À into the acid apoplast might account for an alkalizing effect under drought by decreasing the free apoplastic proton concentration via association. Concentrations of malate in leaf xylem sap have previously been observed to increase in water-stressed plants (Goodger et al, 2005;Korovetska et al, 2014;Gloser et al, 2016). Malate has been shown to be one of the main factors responsible for sap alkalization under drought (Wilkinson and Davies, 2002).…”

Section: Nitrate Assimilationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…ABA signaling is a well-known response to rootzone drying, dehydration, and drought stress (Wilkinson and Davies, 2010;de Ollas and Dodd, 2016). Marked increases in ABA concentration are detectable in response to drought stress (Yoshida et al, 2014;Boyle et al, 2016;Gloser et al, 2016;Karuppanapandian et al, 2017;Park et al, 2017;Todaka et al, 2017;Urano et al, 2017). Such increases in the concentration of ABA are relevant for the activity of PM-H + -ATPase (Falhof et al, 2016), because ABA inhibits PM-H + -ATPase activity by reducing phosphorylation at the penultimate threonine residue (Thr-947) of PM-H + -ATPase.…”

Section: Aba-induced Inactivation Of Pm-h + -Atpasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanism whereby the apoplast alkalinizes during soil drying through nitrogen assimilation-dependent malate 2À extrusion is meaningful for maize. However, such a relation was not proved for wheat (Triticum aestivums) (Gloser et al, 2016…”

Section: Nitrate Assimilationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The pH of the Apoplast: Dynamic Factor with Functional Impact Under Stress

2017

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The apoplast is an interconnected compartment with a thin water-film that alkalinizes under stress. This systemic pH increase may be a secondary effect without functional implications, arising from ion movements or proton-pump regulations. On the other hand, there are increasing indications that it is part of a mechanism to withstand stress. Regardless of this controversy, alkalinization of the apoplast has received little attention. The apoplastic pH (pH) increases not only during plant-pathogen interactions but also in response to salinity or drought. Not much is known about the mechanisms that cause the leaf apoplast to alkalinize, nor whether, and if so, how functional impact is conveyed. Controversial explanations have been given, and the unusual complexity of pH regulation is considered as the primary reason behind this lack of knowledge. A gathering of scattered information revealed that changes in pH convey functionality by regulating stomatal aperture via the effects exerted on abscisic acid. Moreover, apoplastic alkalinization may regulate growth under stress, whereas this needs to be verified. In this review, a comprehensive survey about several physiological mechanisms that alkalize the apoplast under stress is given, and the suitability of apoplastic alkalinization as transducing element for the transmission of sensory information is discussed.

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Section: Nitrate Assimilationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Aba-induced Inactivation Of Pm-h + -Atpasementioning

confidence: 99%

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The pH of the Apoplast: Dynamic Factor with Functional Impact Under Stress

2017

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“…Thus, four species were evaluated that contrast in their nitrogen uptake and assimilation: Pisum sativum, Hordeum vulgare, Vicia faba, and Nicotiana tabacum. Moreover, the differential ability of diverse species to change xylem sap pH under drought stress is also certainly relevant (Sharp and Davies, 2009;Gloser et al, 2016). In this paper, we describe a series of experiments where we investigated the interactions between NO 3 − availability and water availability and their implication for the early drought-stress response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Changes in Nitrate Uptake and Assimilation Under Drought in Relation to Transpiration

et al. 2020

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Soil drying combined with nitrogen (N) deficiency poses a grave threat to agricultural crop production. The rate at which nitrate (NO3−) is taken up depends partly on the uptake and transpiration of water. Rapid changes in nitrate assimilation, in contrast to other N forms, may serve as a component of the plant stress response to drought because nitrate assimilation may lead to changes in xylem pH. The modulation of xylem sap pH may be relevant for stomata regulation via the delivery of abscisic acid (ABA) to guard cells. In several factorial experiments, we investigated the interactions between nitrate and water availability on nitrate fate in the plant, as well as their possible implications for the early drought-stress response. We monitored the short-term response (2–6 days) of nitrate in biomass, transport to shoot and reduction in Pisum sativum, Hordeum vulgare, Vicia faba, and Nicotiana tabacum and correlated this with sap pH and transpiration rates (TRs). Cultivation on inorganic substrate ensured control over nutrient and water supply and prevented nodulation in legume species. NO3− content in biomass decreased in most of the species under drought indicating significant decline in NO3− uptake. Hordeum vulgare had the highest NO3− concentrations in all organs even under drought and low NO3− treatment. This species can likely respond much better to the combined adverse effects of low NO3− and water scarcity. Nitrate reductase activity (NRA) was reduced in both roots and leaves of water deficient (WD) plants in all species except H. vulgare, presumably due to its high NO3− contents. Further, transient reduction in NO3− availability had no effect on sap pH. Therefore, it seems unlikely that NRA shifts from shoot root leading to the supposed alkalization of sap. We also did not observe any interactive effects of NO3− and water deficiency on transpiration. Hence, as long as leaf NO3− content remains stable, NO3− availability in soil is not linked to short-term modulation of transpiration.

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“…Action potential (AP) and variation potential (VP) lead to a physiological reaction by informing distant cells about local stimuli [19]. Additional signalling mechanisms in plants have been reported, including modifications of cytoplasmatic pH [20,21].…”

Section: The Change Of the Electrical Signal Of Guaibcn Undermentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Electrophysiological Signal Monitoring of Plant under Stress Based on Integrated Op-Amps and Patch Electrode

Cai

2017

Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering

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Electrophysiological signal in plant is a weak electrical signal, which can fluctuate with the change of environment. An amplification detection system was designed for plant electrical signal acquisition by using integrated op-amps (CA3140, AD620, and INA118), patch electrode, data acquisition card (NI USB-6008), computer, and shielded box. Plant electrical signals were also studied under pressure and flooding stress. The amplification detection system can make nondestructive acquisition for Aquatic Scindapsus and Guaibcn with high precision, high sensitivity, low power consumption, high common mode rejection ratio, and working frequency bandwidth. Stress experiments were conducted through the system; results show that electrical signals were produced in the leaf of Aquatic Scindapsus under the stress of pressure. Electrical signals in the up-leaf surface of Aquatic Scindapsus were stronger than the down-leaf surface. Electrical signals produced in the leaf of Guaibcn were getting stronger when suffering flooding stress. The more the flooding stress was severe, the faster the electrical signal changed, the longer the time required for returning to a stable state was, and the greater the electrical signal got at the stable state was.

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The dynamics of xylem sap pH under drought: a universal response in herbs?

Cited by 22 publications

References 47 publications

The pH of the Apoplast: Dynamic Factor with Functional Impact Under Stress

The pH of the Apoplast: Dynamic Factor with Functional Impact Under Stress

Early Changes in Nitrate Uptake and Assimilation Under Drought in Relation to Transpiration

Study on Electrophysiological Signal Monitoring of Plant under Stress Based on Integrated Op-Amps and Patch Electrode

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