The Ear, Listening and Hearing

Knapp, Peter H.

doi:10.1177/000306515300100405

Cited by 20 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, as far as I know, dreams were not compared to radio broadcasts. On the contrary, Knapp (1953Knapp ( , 1956) -admittedly rather late if the media comparison is to silent film -describes dreams as mostly soundless -more like silent motion pictures than like 'talkies'.…”

Section: Eric Schwitzgebelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why did we think we dreamed in black and white?

Schwitzgebel

2002

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the 1950's, dream researchers commonly thought that dreams were predominantly a black-and-white phenomenon, although both earlier and later treatments of dreaming presume or assert that dreams have color. The first half of the twentieth century saw the rise of black-and-white film media, and it is likely that the emergence of the view that dreams are black-and-white was connected with this change in media technology. If our opinions about basic features of our dreams can change with changes in technology, it seems to follow that our knowledge of the phenomenology of our own dreams is much less secure than we might at first have thought it to be. Eric SchwitzgebelApril 30, 2001 Dream in Black and White, p. Commonly, dreams were compared to paintings or tapestries -typically colored media.What might explain the mid-century eruption of the opinion that dreaming is predominantly a black-and-white phenomenon? It will likely have occurred to the reader that the first half of the twentieth century was the pinnacle of black-and-white media.Black-and-white photography was first made public in the 1830's, and became One possibility, I suppose, is that having all those black-and-white images around caused our dreams to change -that although Epicurus, Aristotle, Freud, and their friends dreamed in color, the average American in 1950 dreamed mostly in black and whiteand now that our media are largely color again, our dreams are returning for the most part to color. Such a view is not wholly preposterous; things in the world around us surely affect the content of our dreams. After seeing a black-and-white film aboutFrankenstein's monster, one might have a nightmare in which his black-and-white figure appears as one's tormentor. Since most romantic movies seen by people living in 1950were black-and-white, perhaps some of those people dreaming of themselves as romantic heroes would paint their dream world in black and white.Most of our dreams, however (at least most of mine) are not modeled on motion pictures -or at least not in so straightforward a way. Every day a person sees her house and family in full color. It would be odd to suppose that whether she dreamed about them in color would depend on what she sees in the cinema or on the television screen. It seems unlikely that something as peripheral to our cognition as photography, film, and television could have as profound an effect as that -that if the media are predominantly enough black-and-white, they can transform the dreams we have of the colored world around us to dreams of black and white.I will assume, then, that it is the reporting of dreams that changed rather than their content. If so, somebody got something seriously wrong. The two most obvious

show abstract

Section: Eric Schwitzgebelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why did we think we dreamed in black and white?

Schwitzgebel

2002

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Freud (1947) recognised the importance of hearing by describing the ego as wearing an auditory lobe. Knapp (1953) suggested that the ear (in psychodynamic investigation) is a silent area.…”

Section: A Brief History Of Deaf People Within Medical Institutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Art psychotherapy with people who are deaf or hearing impaired

Hoggard¹

2006

International Journal of Art Therapy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Syndromes of physical head complaints in psychiatric patients

1970

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

45enuresis and anxiety, resorting to attention getting mechanisms. Factor three poi& to a very jealous child with a broken home background. Factor four suggeats a phobic child with marked fears and fantasy as opposed to a very aggressive child.Factor five, possibly suggests a child at ages 13 to 16 with sex behavior difliculty, whereaa factor six may be pointing to a markedly negativistic child, at ages 9 to 12, whoee difliculties would mainly show in home behavior. These, so far, are tentativeThe results, however, support the hypotheais that problem behavior symptoms tend to cluster in various patterns, suggesting possible diagnostic categories for disturbed children. This study also reveals the very important contribution of physical handicap and low intelligence to the emotional problem of the child. These two factors, so often ignored in the treatment of problem children in psychoanalytic+ ally oriented centers, accounted for 43 and 28% of all cases, respectively. htelpretlatiOnS. RXFERENCES 1. ACEENEACH T. M. The claseification of children's psychiatric symptom: a factor analytic 2. AMIURICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION. Diagno&ie and Sfati&ieol Manual of McnkJ Dimdata. 3. B~N E I T , I. Delinquent and Ncurdic Children. New York: Basic Books, 1960. 4. DEEOIPR, R. M., LEWIS, P. M., RICE, T. A., MILL~E, K. S., b, M. P., O V E~L~D B D. C., P d . , 1964, 5. H~WITT, L. E. and JENKINS, R. L. F u n d a m PaUmvu of Mdadjuutment: The W m k d of e.tudy. P d . Mmrog., 1966,615. Washbgbn: APA, 1968. TAIIEL, C. and FLEYYINQ, E. L. Behavioral c h i h t i o n project. J . Theiroriqm. Springfield, Ill.: State of Illinois, 1946. M, 1-13. PROBLEMThis study investigated whether psychiatric patients with presenting physical head complaints are symptomatically distinguiehable from patients without such presenting complaints, and whether differentiating symptoms occur in identifiable syndromes. Clinical inferences conceptualizing the head as the locus of the self (I*), intellectual control over impulse^(^), psychophysiological body changes". 6), or symbolic sexuality('* *-'a-11) are baaed on a presumption that head complaints are uniquely ditrerentiating in meaningful ways. METHODSubjects. SS were 324 male psychiatric patients hospitalized at the Denver VA Hospital. This sample included approximately every eighth admission and ie believed to be representative of the hospitalized veteran male psychiatric population with regard to age, diagnoses, and previous historia of hospitalization.Procedure. At admission, each S was individually interviewed to identify and delineate the major self-reported presenting problem-symptom-complaints. Within two weeks of admission, each S was individually administered 150 items of the Psychological Problem Inventory (PPI), a checklist derived from the verbatim p '~

show abstract

The Ear, Listening and Hearing

Cited by 20 publications

References 5 publications

Why did we think we dreamed in black and white?

Why did we think we dreamed in black and white?

Art psychotherapy with people who are deaf or hearing impaired

Syndromes of physical head complaints in psychiatric patients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About