The earliest angiosperms: evidence from mitochondrial, plastid and nuclear genomes

Qiu, Yin Long; Lee, Jung-Ho; Bernasconi‐Quadroni, Fabiana; Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Zanis, Michael J.; Zimmer, Elizabeth A.; Chen, Zhiduan; Savolainen, Vincent; Chase, Mark W.

doi:10.1038/46536

Cited by 770 publications

(682 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…New Caledonia harbours some taxa that are deeply embedded in the phylogenies of a number of large groups (but also lacks others such as Onychophora). The most famous is the endemic Amborella trichopoda, the sole member of the Amborellaceae and the sister group of all other flowering plants (Mathews & Donoghue 1999;Parkinson et al 1999;Qiu et al 1999;Soltis et al 1999). Another remarkable example is the emblematic flightless bird, the kagu (Rhynochetos jubatus), the closest relatives of which occur in New Zealand and South America (Cracraft 2000;Fain & Houde 2004).…”

Section: Ancient Radiations or Repeated Dispersal?mentioning

confidence: 99%

New Caledonia: a very old Darwinian island?

Grandcolas

Murienne

Robillard

et al. 2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

273

289

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New Caledonia has generally been considered a continental island, the biota of which largely dates back to Gondwanan times owing to its geological origin and the presence of phylogenetic relicts. This view is contradicted by geological evidence indicating long Palaeocene and Eocene submersions and by recent biogeographic and phylogenetic studies, with molecular or geophysical dating placing the biota no older than the Oligocene. Phylogenetic relicts do not provide conclusive information in this respect, as their presence cannot be explained by simple hypotheses but requires assumption of many ad hoc extinction events. The implication of this new scenario is that all the New Caledonian biota colonized the island since 37 Ma Local richness can be explained by local radiation and adaptation after colonization but also by many dispersal events, often repeated within the same groups of organisms. Local microendemism is another remarkable feature of the biota. It seems to be related to recent speciation mediated by climate, orography, soil type and perhaps unbalanced biotic interactions created by colonization disharmonies. New Caledonia must be considered as a very old Darwinian island, a concept that offers many more fascinating opportunities of study.

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Section: Ancient Radiations or Repeated Dispersal?mentioning

confidence: 99%

New Caledonia: a very old Darwinian island?

Grandcolas

Murienne

Robillard

et al. 2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

273

289

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The sister group of all remaining angiosperms consists either of the genus Amborella Baill. alone (Qiu & al., 1999;, followed by Nymphaeales, or of Amborella plus Nymphaeales (Barkman & al., 2000;Qiu & al., 2010). Both scenarios are still discussed today based on extended sampling and techniques (Drew & al., 2014;Xi & al., 2014;Goremykin & al., 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) that branch off the lineage leading to mesangiosperms. This global topology of the angiosperms was proposed in 1999 by several groups of molecular phylogeneticists (Mathews & Donoghue, 1999;Parkinson & al., 1999;Qiu & al., 1999; and has been amply corroborated since then by numerous additional studies (Soltis & al., 2005, in press). The basal grade is the primary topic of this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancestral traits and specializations in the flowers of the basal grade of living angiosperms

Endress

Doyle

2015

TAXON

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New morphological and phylogenetic data prompt us to present an updated review of floral morphology and its evolution in the basal ANITA grade of living angiosperms, Chloranthaceae, and Ceratophyllum. Floral phyllotaxis is complex whorled in Nymphaeales and spiral in Amborella and Austrobaileyales. It is unresolved whether phyllotaxis was ancestrally whorled or spiral, but if it was whorled, the whorls were trimerous. The flowers are probably ancestrally bisexual because in most families with unisexual flowers these flowers exhibit rudiments of the opposite sex. Carpels are largely ascidiate and the closure line is short, either transverse or longitudinal. A style is usually absent or, if present, generally short and not plicate. Angiospermy (carpel sealing) is by secretion, rather than postgenital fusion, except in large‐flowered Nymphaeales and in Illicium, correlated with unusual fruits. Carpels with a single, median, pendent ovule are probably plesiomorphic. Chloranth‐ aceae and Ceratophyllaceae have an unsettled phylogenetic position, but in some phylogenetic analyses they form a clade, which may be sister to the remaining mesangiosperms (Magnoliidae, monocots, eudicots). This position is supported by their carpel characters, which are similar to those of the ANITA grade and different from those of most other mesangiosperms.

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“…Several multigene analyses have converged on three angiosperm clades, the ''ANITA'' grade, that are basal to the common ancestor of the monocots and eudicots (Mathews and Donoghue 1999;Parkinson et al 1999;Qiu et al 1999Qiu et al , 2000Soltis et al 1999;Zanis et al 2002). These three clades, consisting of Amborellaceae, Nymphaeales, and the Illiciales/Trimeniaceae/Austrobaileyaceae (ITA) clade, are now considered to represent the earliest diverging branches of the angiosperm tree.…”

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confidence: 99%

Modularity of the Angiosperm Female Gametophyte and Its Bearing on the Early Evolution of Endosperm in Flowering Plants

Friedman

Williams

2003

Evolution

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Abstract. The monosporic seven-celled/eight-nucleate Polygonum-type female gametophyte has long served as a focal point for discussion of the origin and subsequent evolution of the angiosperm female gametophyte. In Polygonumtype female gametophytes, two haploid female nuclei are incorporated into the central cell, and fusion of a sperm cell with the binucleate central cell produces a triploid endosperm with a complement of two maternal and one paternal genomes, characteristic of most angiosperms. We document the development of a four-celled/four-nucleate female gametophyte in Nuphar polysepala (Engelm.) and infer its presence in many other ancient lineages of angiosperms. The central cell of the female gametophyte in these taxa contains only one haploid nucleus; thus endosperm is diploid and has a ratio of one maternal to one paternal genome. Based on comparisons among flowering plants, we conclude that the angiosperm female gametophyte is constructed of modular developmental subunits. Each module is characterized by a common developmental pattern: (1) positioning of a single nucleus within a cytoplasmic domain (pole) of the female gametophyte; (2) two free-nuclear mitoses to yield four nuclei within that domain; and (3) partitioning of three uninucleate cells adjacent to the pole such that the fourth nucleus is confined to the central region of the female gametophyte (central cell). Within the basal angiosperm lineages Nymphaeales and Illiciales, female gametophytes are characterized by a single developmental module that produces a four-celled/four-nucleate structure with a haploid uninucleate central cell. A second pattern, typical of Amborella and the overwhelming majority of eumagnoliids, monocots, and eudicots, involves the early establishment of two developmental modules that produce a sevencelled/eight-nucleate female gametophyte with two haploid nuclei in the central cell. Comparative analysis of ontogenetic sequences suggests that the seven-celled female gametophyte (two modules) evolved by duplication and ectopic expression of an ancestral Nuphar-like developmental module within the chalazal domain of the female gametophyte. These analyses indicate that the first angiosperm female gametophytes were composed of a single developmental module, which upon double fertilization yielded a diploid endosperm. Early in angiosperm history this basic module was duplicated, and resulted in a seven-celled/eight-nucleate female gametophyte, which yielded a triploid endosperm with the characteristic 2:1 maternal to paternal genome ratio.

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The earliest angiosperms: evidence from mitochondrial, plastid and nuclear genomes

Cited by 770 publications

References 24 publications

New Caledonia: a very old Darwinian island?

New Caledonia: a very old Darwinian island?

Ancestral traits and specializations in the flowers of the basal grade of living angiosperms

Modularity of the Angiosperm Female Gametophyte and Its Bearing on the Early Evolution of Endosperm in Flowering Plants

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