The Earliest Published Electrocardiogram Showing Ventricular Preexcitation

Abstract

When in 1930, Wolff, Parkinson, and White published what is today known as the WPW, or preexcitation syndrome, they, and subsequently others, found few comparable cases in the preceding literature. Among these the report of Cohn and Fraser, published in 1913, was the earliest. However, another even earlier documentation in a 1909 article by Hoffmann escaped notice till now. The ECG of a patient with paroxysmal tachycardia reveals a short PR interval and a delta-wave-induced widening of the QRS complex, even though the reproduced tachycardia was not preexcitation related. The interpretation of this poorly reproduced ECG can be confirmed by another and more detailed description of the patient in an electrocardiography textbook published in 1914 by the same author. Thus, the earliest publication of an ECG showing ventricular preexcitation now can be dated back to 1909. Moreover, the Hoffmann monograph contains two additional examples of the WPW syndrome not noticed until now. All three cases published by Hoffmann had their first ECG recordings in 1912 or earlier.

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and the longitudinal progression of Alzheimer's disease

“…However, in the present study, AD patients with the I/I genotype showed a rapid deterioration in neuropsychological assessments compared with those having other ACE genotypes. In addition, ACE I/D polymorphism is not a risk factor for vascular dementia and pathology . Therefore, we suggest that vascular pathology does not mediate the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and AD progression.…”

“…In addition, ACE I/D polymorphism is not a risk factor for vascular dementia and pathology. 20,26 Therefore, we suggest that vascular pathology does not mediate the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and AD progression.…”

Historical developments in the diagnosis and treatment of pre-excitation syndromes (WPW)

“…In dieser Publikation zitieren die Autoren einen Fallbericht von Frank Wilson von 1915 [ 47 ], der ein WPW-Syndrom erstmalig in der angloamerikanischen Literatur beschrieb. Von Knorre [ 43 ] hat sich die Mühe gemacht und nach dem ersten publizierten EKG eines WPW-Syndroms gesucht. Er konnte zeigen, dass bereits 1909 Hoffmann [ 15 ] ein EKG mit einem WPW-Muster publizierte.…”