The Early Bronze Age settlement of Fidvár, Vráble (Slovakia): reconstructing prehistoric settlement patterns using portable XRF

Multi-element characterization of archaeological floors at the prehistoric archaeological sites at Ban Non Wat and Nong Hua Raet in Northeast Thailand

“…Phosphorus can enter the sediment and soil system by a variety of human processes (Schlezinger and Howes, 2000;Holliday and Gartner, 2007), and it provides a general index of occupation intensity (Schlezinger and Howes, 2000;Wells et al, 2000;Parnell et al, 2002;Marwick, 2005). Phosphorus tends to be immobile, and it forms stable complexes with aluminium, calcium and iron, which makes it highly resistant to processes of leaching (Homsey and Capo, 2006;Gauss et al, 2013). Comparing the level of phosphorus between the hard floors in this study indicates potential diversity in origins.…”

“…6), where is occurs at approximately twice the level as in the control samples. The most frequently cited model refers to the enrichment of phosphorus as a result of disposing excrements, waste and organic decay (Gauss et al, 2013). Phosphorus can enter the sediment and soil system by a variety of human processes (Schlezinger and Howes, 2000;Holliday and Gartner, 2007), and it provides a general index of occupation intensity (Schlezinger and Howes, 2000;Wells et al, 2000;Parnell et al, 2002;Marwick, 2005).…”

“…However, other techniques may provide further advantages in future studies. The use of a portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) instrument, for example, can provide comparable results, especially since handheld pXRF is uniquely suited to in situ analysis (Frahm and Doonan, 2013), while soil micromorphological analysis may be used to extract further information relative to the accurate characterization and interpretation of archaeological deposits that would allow distinction of areas of different functional activities (Est evez et al, 2014;Goldberg and Macphail, 2006;Matthews et al, 1997).…”

Dating Archaeological Cultures by Their Moats? A Case Study from the Early Bronze Age Settlement Fidvár near Vráble, SW Slovakia

“…The youngest moat, located between the previous two, was built during the following Mad'arovce period Figure 1 Archaeological structures at Fidvár reconstructed from geomagnetic surveys; EBA: Early Bronze age settlement, pits and cemetery; LBK, Neolithic ditch and houses; R, Roman march camp. WSG 1984 UTM 34 N, grid 200 m wide (Gauss et al 2013;Nowaczinski et al 2013). and was filled after the abandonment of the settlement by 7 m of sediments Nowaczinski et al 2012). Some centuries before the rise of the fortified Early Bronze Age settlement, people of the Eneolithic Košihy Čaka culture inhabited the site (Točík 1986Gauss et al 2013).…”

“…WSG 1984 UTM 34 N, grid 200 m wide (Gauss et al 2013;Nowaczinski et al 2013). and was filled after the abandonment of the settlement by 7 m of sediments Nowaczinski et al 2012). Some centuries before the rise of the fortified Early Bronze Age settlement, people of the Eneolithic Košihy Čaka culture inhabited the site (Točík 1986Gauss et al 2013). …”