The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora of Torres Vedras (Ne of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis of an Early Angiosperm Community

Friis, Else Marie; Crane, Peter R.; Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard

doi:10.2478/if-2019-0013

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 141 publications

(207 reference statements)

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“…Charcoalified flowers are most commonly represented in Cretaceous sediments, possibly due to increases in paleo-fire regimes during that period (Bond and Scott 2010). This type of fossils have been described mainly from localities in the Eastern United States (Drinnan et al 1990, 1991; Crepet and Nixon 1998; Gandolfo et al 1998; von Balthazar et al 2007; Crepet et al 2018; Friis et al 2020), Portugal (Friis et al 2001, 2019), Sweden (Friis and Skarby 1981; Schönenberger and Friis 2001; Friis and Pedersen 2012), the Czech Republic (Heřmanová et al 2021, 2022), and Japan (Takahashi et al 2001, 2008). The preservation of charcoalified flowers is often exquisite, allowing for the detailed study of morphological and anatomical floral traits.…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Fossil Flowers into the Angiosperm Phylogeny using a Total Evidence Approach

Lopez-Martinez

Schönenberger

Balthazar

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Fossil flowers are essential to infer past angiosperm evolutionary processes. The assignment of fossil flowers to extant clades has traditionally relied on morphological similarity and on apomorphies shared with extant taxa. The use of explicit phylogenetic analyses to establish their affinity has so far remained limited. In this study, we built a comprehensive framework to investigate the phylogenetic placement of 24 exceptionally preserved fossil flowers. For this, we assembled a new species-level dataset of 30 floral traits for 1201 extant species that were sampled to represent the stem and crown nodes of all angiosperm families. We explored multiple analytical approaches to integrate the fossils into the phylogeny, including different phylogenetic estimation methods, topological-constrained analyses, and a total evidence approach combining molecular and morphological data of extant and fossil species. Our results were widely consistent across approaches, with minor differences in the support of fossils at different phylogenetic positions. The placement of some fossils is in agreement with previously suggested relationships, but for others, a new placement is indicated. We also identified fossils that are well constrained within particular extant families, whereas others showed high phylogenetic uncertainty. Finally, we present recommendations for future total evidence analyses, regarding the selection of fossils and appropriate methodologies, and provide some perspectives on how to integrate fossils into the investigation of divergence times and the temporal evolution of morphological traits.

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Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Fossil Flowers into the Angiosperm Phylogeny using a Total Evidence Approach

Lopez-Martinez

Schönenberger

Balthazar

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…125 Ma) 2 . In addition, their presence in the Barremian and Aptian is strongly supported not only by abundant dispersed pollen grains, but also by the presence of in situ pollen in mesofossils including isolated stamens and carpels 2 , 7 . In contrast, unambiguous pre-Albian (before 113 Ma) macrofossils are relatively rare, whereas the diversity of eudicots seems to increase mainly during the Albian and Cenomanian (113–94 Ma) until they eventually start to dominate most plant fossil assemblages from the Late Cretaceous (ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

First evidence of ranunculids in Early Cretaceous tropics

Gobo

Kunzmann

Iannuzzi

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Early Cretaceous floras containing angiosperms were described from several geographic areas, nearly from the Arctic to the Antarctic, and are crucial to understand their evolution and radiation. However, most of these records come from northern mid-latitudes whereas those of lower paleolatitude areas, such as the Crato Fossil Lagerstätte in NE Brazil, are less studied. Here, we describe from this region of northern Gondwanan origin, two fossil-species of eudicots belonging to a new extinct genus Santaniella gen. nov. Together with several vegetative axes and leaves, anatomically well-preserved fruits with seeds and persistent perianth-like organs allowed us to reconstruct its potential affinities with ranunculids, and presumably Ranunculaceae. Previous records putatively assigned to Ranunculales are all from mid-latitudes, and their first unequivocal occurrence in a low-latitude area supports further the hypothesis of a widespread radiation of the earliest diverging eudicot lineage by this early age.

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“…sp. the receptacle is more prominently elongated than in Mugideiriflora and Lambertiflora and more like that of Atlantocarpus (Friis et al 2019a). Among these three fossil forms, Atlantocarpus is most similar to Reyanthus in size and numbers of parts, although in Reyanthus the carpels appear follicular with many ovules, rather than apparently ascidiate as in Atlantocarpus.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Fossil Flowers With Apocarpous Gynoeciamentioning

confidence: 87%

Multiparted, apocarpous flowers from the Early Cretaceous of eastern North America and Portugal

Friis¹,

Crane²,

Pedersen³

2020

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Three new genera, Atlantocarpus, Lambertiflora and Mugideiriflora, are described from the Early Cretaceous of North America and Portugal based on floral structures with multicarpellate and apocarpous gynoecia that have been studied using scanning electron microscopy and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy. Lambertiflora and Mugideiriflora have numerous perianth parts in several series, as well as many stamens and many carpels borne on a short conical receptacle. Atlantocarpus has many carpels arranged spirally on an elongated receptacle. Perianth and stamens are not preserved in Atlantocarpus, but scars of two sizes at the base of the receptacle indicate the presence of several series of tepals and stamens. Phylogenetic assessment of the three new genera indicates close relationships with members of extant Austrobaileyales, which is also favoured by the apparently ascidiate carpels of Atlantocarpus. However, the phylogenetic signal is not strong and the fossils also share many features with magnoliid angiosperms. Fully secure resolution of their relationships is hampered by lack of information of critical floral features in the fossil material, the constellation of likely plesiomorphic characters that they exhibit, and inadequate knowledge of character homologies and character evolution among extant taxa. There is also the broader concern about whether phylogenetic patterns can be reliably inferred for the earliest phases of angiosperm evolution based solely on a depauperate assemblage of extant taxa given extensive extinction over the last 100 million years. The new genera add to growing evidence of diverse extinct angiosperms with multiparted flowers during the Early Cretaceous that have a variety of relationships to extant ANA-grade angiosperms and magnoliids.

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The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora of Torres Vedras (Ne of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis of an Early Angiosperm Community

Cited by 29 publications

References 141 publications

Integrating Fossil Flowers into the Angiosperm Phylogeny using a Total Evidence Approach

Integrating Fossil Flowers into the Angiosperm Phylogeny using a Total Evidence Approach

First evidence of ranunculids in Early Cretaceous tropics

Multiparted, apocarpous flowers from the Early Cretaceous of eastern North America and Portugal

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