The early development of spelerpes bilineatus (Green)

Goodale, H. D.

doi:10.1002/aja.1000120204

Cited by 35 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Most of the early reports of embryonic development in plethodontids are incomplete analyses based on field description or informal laboratory observations (Barden and Kezer, 1944;Bishop, 1920Bishop, , 1925Bishop, , 1941Bishop and Chrisp, 1933;Fowler, 1946;Franz, 1967;Goin, 1951;Goodale, 1911;Hilton, 1909;Humphrey, 1928;Lynn and Dent, 1941;Miller, 1944;Rabb, 1956;Smith et al, 1968;Stebbins, 1949). More recent staging tables offer more insights into embryonic features, but many are not comprehensive or do not document the full embryonic period (Collazo and Keller, 2010;Collazo and Marks, 1994;Franssen et al, 2005;Marks, 1995;Marks and Collazo, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 41%

Normal table of embryonic development in the four-toed salamander, Hemidactylium scutatum

Hurney

Babcock

Shook

et al. 2015

Mechanisms of Development

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We present a complete staging table of normal development for the lungless salamander, Hemidactylium scutatum (Caudata: Plethodontidae). Terrestrial egg clutches from naturally ovipositing females were collected and maintained at 15 °C in the laboratory. Observations, photographs, and time-lapse movies of embryos were taken throughout the 45-day embryonic period. The complete normal table of development for H. scutatum is divided into 28 stages and extends previous analyses of H. scutatum embryonic development (Bishop, 1920; Humphrey, 1928). Early embryonic stage classifications through neurulation reflect criteria described for Xenopus laevis, Ambystoma maculatum and other salamanders. Later embryonic stage assignments are based on unique features of H. scutatum embryos. Additionally, we provide morphological analysis of gastrulation and neurulation, as well as details on external aspects of eye, gill, limb, pigmentation, and tail development to support future research related to phylogeny, comparative embryology, and molecular mechanisms of development.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 41%

Normal table of embryonic development in the four-toed salamander, Hemidactylium scutatum

Hurney

Babcock

Shook

et al. 2015

Mechanisms of Development

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“…However, early cleavage stages (1-4) were not observed in any of the material used in this study. Dent refers to Goodale's (1911) description of Eurycea bislineata Amphiuma can occasionally hatch after gill loss (Gunzburger, 2003) and direct-development in Karsenia is inferred from adult habitat (Vieites et al, 2006). Photograph in panel B courtesy of David Blackburn.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this table, stages 1-4 are based on Goodale's (1911) description, which uses cell number and the extent of initial cleavage furrows as diagnostic features. Stages 5-24 follow Dent's limited descriptions as closely as possible.…”

Section: Staging Table For Plethodon Cinereusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dent (1942) references Goodale's (1911) description of Eurycea bislineata. While Goodale does not explicitly assign specific stages, he does divide early development in a series of figure panels.…”

Section: Developmental Stagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dent's table has remained one of few descriptions of plethodontid embryological staging, butby his admission-is incomplete. Dent does not describe the early developmental stages, referring instead to Goodale's (1911) work on Eurycea bislineata. Dent also omits descriptions of several developmental stages, making comparisons with other direct-developing salamanders difficult (e.g., Marks and Collazo, 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Embryonic Staging Table for a Direct‐Developing Salamander, Plethodon cinereus (Plethodontidae)

Kerney

2011

The Anatomical Record

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This work presents a refined staging table for the direct-developing red-backed salamander Plethodon cinereus, which is based on the incomplete staging system of James Norman Dent (J Morphol 1942; 71:577-601). This common species from eastern North America is a member of the species-rich lungless salamander family Plethodontidae. The staging table presented here covers several stages omitted by Dent and reveals novel developmental features of P. cinereus embryos. These include putative Leydig cells and open gill clefts, which are found in larvae of metamorphosing species but were previously reported as absent in direct-developing Plethodon. Other features found in larvae of metamorphosing salamander species, such as the palatopterygoid bone and lateral line neuromasts, were not observed in this material. The occurrence of larval and metamorphic features in these embryos has direct bearing on the patterns of life history evolution within the plethodontidae family. This study emphasizes the degree to which typically larval structures are retained in this direct-developing species and provides a staging table for further investigations into the development and evolution of plethodontid salamanders.

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The developmental significance of the floor‐plate of the brain and spinal cord

Kingsbury

1930

J of Comparative Neurology

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The early development of spelerpes bilineatus (Green)

Cited by 35 publications

References 11 publications

Normal table of embryonic development in the four-toed salamander, Hemidactylium scutatum

Normal table of embryonic development in the four-toed salamander, Hemidactylium scutatum

Embryonic Staging Table for a Direct‐Developing Salamander, Plethodon cinereus (Plethodontidae)

The developmental significance of the floor‐plate of the brain and spinal cord

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