The early development of the median thyroid gland of the mouse

Rømert, P.; Gauguin, J.

doi:10.1007/bf00519971

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It has been reported that the thyroid axis in the human embryo begins to develop at E90 [25, 26]. The thyroid gland develops from the floor of the primitive pharynx and can first be distinguished in the rodent embryo at 9 days post coitum [27]. Therefore, the growth and development of the embryo during the early stage rely on the maternal thyroid hormone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Young Offspring of Female Rats with Hypothyroidism

Liu

Chen

et al. 2019

Journal of Diabetes Research

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Purpose. Because thyroid hormones from the maternal thyroid glands are known to influence the growth, development, and metabolic functioning of offspring, we used a rat model to preliminarily investigate the effects of maternal hypothyroidism on glucose metabolism, pancreas cell proliferation, and insulin production in young male offspring and the possible underlying mechanisms. Methods. Female rats were divided into a maternal hypothyroidism (MH) group, which received water containing 0.02% 6-propyl-2-thiouracil before and during pregnancy to induce hypothyroidism, and a control group which consumed tap water. Results. Our results showed that there were no differences of islets structure between the offspring from the two groups, but glucose metabolism was impaired with higher plasma glucose concentrations at 0 and 15 min in the OGTT in 8-week-old offspring of the MH group. From birth to 8 weeks, pancreatic TRβ1 and TRβ2 mRNA level declined significantly in MH offspring, accompanied by decreased Ki67 and insulin mRNA expression. Conclusions. Maternal hypothyroidism results in impaired pancreatic insulin synthesis and pancreatic cell proliferation in neonatal offspring and subsequent glucose intolerance in young offspring, which may be related to TRβ gene downregulation in the pancreas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Young Offspring of Female Rats with Hypothyroidism

Liu

Chen

et al. 2019

Journal of Diabetes Research

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“…rats [21]. mice [15], chicks [18] and dogs [16]. Reports on the human thyroid gland by Norris 112], Sgalitzer 117], OrtsLlorca and Gcnis Galver 113] and Taki [20] recorded that the thyroid primordium develops from about 4 weeks in the embryo [4, 10. 111 and the pharyngeal epithelium is detached in about 6 weeks of embryonic life after the development of the thyroid gland begins [4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Studies of the Foramen caecum linguae of the Human and Guinea Pig Tongue

Toh

Ohmori²

1991

Cells Tissues Organs

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A three-dimensional study of the development of the thyroid gland in human and guinea pig embryos was made together with a histological investigation of the foramen caecum of the human adult tongue. In the human embryo, an epithelial depression was not seen between the first and second branchial arches except a shallow sulcus. Ciliated cells were observed on the dorsal surface of the tongue in all embryos which exceeded 18 mm in crown-rump length. The presence of a foramen caecum was observed in 18 (51%) cadavers from 35 human adults. Several circumvallate papillae were found in a 10-mm-deep foramen caecum on the side adjacent to the anterior two thirds of the tongue. In all specimens serous glands open into the foramen caecum.

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Transformation of the endostyle of the anadromous sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., during metamorphosis. II. Electron microscopy

Wright

Youson

1980

Journal of Morphology

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Electron microscopy was used to follow the transformation of the endostyle to a thyroid gland in the anadromous sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., throughout metamorphosis (stages 1-7). Transformation of the larval (ammocoete) endostyle begins at the first signs of external change (stages 1-2), and the adult form of the gland is reached by stage 5. Only slight modifications of the gland accompany further development to the end of metamorphosis. Development of the thyroid gland involves degeneration, proliferation, and reorganization of the cells in the endostyle, and changes in their fine structure. Ultrastructural changes during early stages are most obvious in the type 1 cells that make up the shrinking glandular tracts, and involves the accumulation of cytoplasmic microfilaments and a variety of cytoplasmic inclusions. The glandular tracts and their cells gradually disappear through autolysis and, apparently, through phagocytosis by neighboring epithelial cells and macrophages. Although the fine structure of the type 2, 3, 4, and 5 cells is not altered in the early stages, by stage 3, many of these cells become either vacuolated, undergo autolysis, or are extruded. Phagocytosis of some of each of these cell types likely occurs. Thyroid follicles are first observed during stage 4. Some of their lumina seem to arise from the accumulation of material in intercellular spaces and from vacuoles among cell clusters. Other lumina may represent a portion of the original lumen of the endostyle. Many follicles appear to be comprised of cells with cytological characteristics similar to those of larval cell types 3 and 2c. Some of the other larval cell types, such as type 5, may also be involved. In young adult lampreys follicles are composed of cuboidal to columnar cells that lack the dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum seen in follicular cells of higher vertebrates. Dense collagenous connective tissue surrounding the follicles contains relatively few blood vessels. The transformation process described may have some relevance to our understanding of the development and evolution of the vertebrate thyroid gland.

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The early development of the median thyroid gland of the mouse

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Young Offspring of Female Rats with Hypothyroidism

Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Young Offspring of Female Rats with Hypothyroidism

Morphological Studies of the Foramen caecum linguae of the Human and Guinea Pig Tongue

Transformation of the endostyle of the anadromous sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., during metamorphosis. II. Electron microscopy

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