The early history of B cells

Cooper, Max D.

doi:10.1038/nri3801

Cited by 184 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…But it would take Landsteiner until the twilight of his career to formally demonstrate that an anti-serum does not comprise merely a single antibody but rather a mixture of different antibody populations of unknown complexity[1]. It was another decade before the plasma cell, which is responsible for the secretion of antibodies, was discovered, and then it was only 50 years ago, in 1965 that it was convincingly shown that antibodies are produced by B lymphocytes [2]. This latest discovery coincided with the development of new technologies in protein chemistry and the advent of molecular biology that, together, catalyzed a remarkable pace of progress in the understanding of B cell development and antibody formation.…”

Section: Antibody Serology: Past Achievementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serology in the 21st century: the molecular-level analysis of the serum antibody repertoire

Wine

Horton

Ippolito

et al. 2015

Current Opinion in Immunology

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The ensemble of antibodies found in serum and secretions represents the key adaptive component of B-cell mediated humoral immunity. The antibody repertoire is shaped by the historical record of exposure to exogenous factors such as pathogens and vaccines, as well as by endogenous host-intrinsic factors such as genetics, self-antigens, and age. Thanks to very recent technology advancements it is now becoming possible to identify and quantify the individual antibodies comprising the serological repertoire. In parallel, the advent of high throughput methods for antigen and immunosignature discovery opens up unprecedented opportunities to transform our understanding of numerous key questions in adaptive humoral immunity, including the nature and dynamics of serological memory, the role of polyspecific antibodies in health and disease and how protective responses to infections or vaccine challenge arise. Additionally, these technologies also hold great promise for therapeutic antibody and biomarker discovery in a variety of settings

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Section: Antibody Serology: Past Achievementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serology in the 21st century: the molecular-level analysis of the serum antibody repertoire

Wine

Horton

Ippolito

et al. 2015

Current Opinion in Immunology

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“…Given the well-known and discrete nature of these chemical antigens, these observations greatly facilitated the study of antigenspecific responses. Since the early days of immunology, based on immunochemistry focusing on antibodies and complement, and the emergence of immunology as an immunobiology, with the discovery of the T-and B-cell dichotomy by Jacques Miller and Max Cooper in the 1960s (53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58), antigen-specific responses and the mechanisms underlying them have been the main focus of immunologists. Granulocytes, and even macrophages, were left to hematologists.…”

Section: A Movement Of Immunologists Away From Studies Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human genetic basis of interindividual variability in the course of infection

Casanova

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

161

111

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The key problem in human infectious diseases was posed at the turn of the 20th century: their pathogenesis. For almost any given virus, bacterium, fungus, or parasite, life-threatening clinical disease develops in only a small minority of infected individuals. Solving this infection enigma is important clinically, for diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, and treatment. Some microbes will inevitably remain refractory to, or escape vaccination, or chemotherapy, or both. The solution also is important biologically, because the emergence and evolution of eukaryotes alongside more rapidly evolving prokaryotes, archaea, and viruses posed immunological challenges of an ecological and evolutionary nature. We need to study these challenges in natural, as opposed to experimental, conditions, and also at the molecular and cellular levels. According to the human genetic theory of infectious diseases, inborn variants underlie life-threatening infectious diseases. Here I review the history of the field of human genetics of infectious diseases from the turn of the 19th century to the second half of the 20th century. This paper thus sets the scene, providing the background information required to understand and appreciate the more recently described monogenic forms of resistance or predisposition to specific infections discussed in a second paper in this issue.

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“…During the evolution of antibody repertoires, the emergence of highly variable antigen binding regions is accompanied by the development of limited sets of constant heavy chains [1]. These constant heavy chains determine the antibody isotype (in humans IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM), which can be further classified for some isotypes (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody Isotypes for Tumor Immunotherapy

Kretschmer

Schwanbeck

Valerius

et al. 2017

Transfus Med Hemother

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Compared to the evolutionary diversity of antibody isotypes, the spectrum of currently approved therapeutic antibodies is biased to the human IgG1 isotype. Detailed studies into the different structures and functions of human isotypes have suggested that other isotypes than IgG1 may be advantageous for specific indications - depending on the complex interplay between the targeted antigen or epitope, the desired mode of action, the pharmacokinetic properties, and the biopharmaceutical considerations. Thus, it may be speculated that with the increasing number of antibodies becoming available against a broadening spectrum of target antigens, identification of the optimal antibody isotype for particular therapeutic applications may become critical for the therapeutic success of individual antibodies. Thus, investments into this rather unexplored area of antibody immunotherapy may provide opportunities for distinction in the increasingly busy ‘antibody space'. Therefore, IgG, IgA, IgE as well as IgM isotypes will be discussed in this review.

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The early history of B cells

Cited by 184 publications

References 82 publications

Serology in the 21st century: the molecular-level analysis of the serum antibody repertoire

Serology in the 21st century: the molecular-level analysis of the serum antibody repertoire

Human genetic basis of interindividual variability in the course of infection

Antibody Isotypes for Tumor Immunotherapy

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