The early history of radiotherapy: 1895–1939

Lederman, M.

doi:10.1016/0360-3016(81)90379-5

Cited by 97 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The concepts of hypo fraction and personal irradiation have recently developed due to the more intense radiation of brachytherapy to the tumoral mass and the slightly toxic effects on normal tissues. These developments have led to the use of intensity modulated radiotherapy, stereotactic radiotherapy, 4D radiotherapy and image-guided radiotherapy applications, which are now more frequently used in clinical practice (Lederman, 1981;Kuter, 2002). The basis of these techniques can be considered to be the observations obtained from the brachytherapy method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, in addition to the developments in proton treatment, studies of carbon ions providing an effective cancer control with acceptable side-effect rates can foresee many possible developments in future radiation treatment. Similarly, the particular ability of protons and neutrons to determine the metabolic and biological features of a tumor, gives rise to ideas of the development of new methods to diagnose cancer (Lederman, 1981;Kuter, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the later period between 1946-1996, studies about megavoltage practices gained speed and tendencies towards radium applications rather than x-ray applications increased. After the invention of the computerized X-ray by Hounsfield in 1971, computed tomography was integrated into clinical applications and significant developments occurred in planning and simulating the radiation therapy, specifically around the 1980s (Lederman, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other method is brachytherapy, which is based on shortsource-surface-distance. Within those practices, radium was most commonly used, and between the years of 1900 -1940, the usage of kilo voltage treatment (50 kV X-rays) was considered (Lederman, 1981;Kuter, 2002). In the later period between 1946-1996, studies about megavoltage practices gained speed and tendencies towards radium applications rather than x-ray applications increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Important Document for the History of Turkish Radiation Oncology: “The Principles of Radium Treatment” / Türk Radyasyon Onkolojisi Tarihi Adına Önemli Bir Belge: “Radyumla Tedavi Esasları”

Özcan

Küreci

Kılınç

et al. 2017

TAKSAD

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the information in the book about the usage of radium for treatment purposes in the light of current scientific knowledge by abbreviating and translating it into modern-day Turkish. With this study, Turkish Medical History will acquire a new source document. First, the book that was the subject of this work, was reviewed by the researchers. After the first evaluation, it was re-read by an academician, who is an expert in Turkish Language and Literature, and it was abbreviated in order to make it more articulate. Finally, after this process, the obtained information was interpreted in the light of current scientific knowledge. The book, which was written by a Turkish physician, covers utilization areas of radium, mechanism of effect and comparison with x-ray treatment. Written in the Young Turkish Republic about "modern medicine" practices, the book is considerably detailed and shows parallels with other practices of that period in the world. In addition to the brief theoretical information about the atom and radium, the application methods of radium treatment are covered by the book. Summarized information about the benefits and the risks of the treatment and warnings related to the practice can also be found in the book. The common feature of the medical books about x-ray and radium written almost a century ago is that they cover the theoretical information or the story of the discovery of x-ray and radium. On the other hand, "Radyumla Tedavi Esasları (The Principles of Radium Treatment)" was a unique pioneering work of its time covering the utilization methods of radium and x-ray, the advantages and disadvantages of these methods and the comparison of the two methods. It also discusses the administration methods of x-ray and radium, the pros and cons of these methods and the comparison of the two methods made it exclusive.Keywords: Radium, Radium treatment, X-ray, Resit Sureyya, Medicine, Medicine History. * Presented as a verbal statement at the 37 th National Radiology Congress (November 1-5,2016, Antalya,Turkey

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Important Document for the History of Turkish Radiation Oncology: “The Principles of Radium Treatment” / Türk Radyasyon Onkolojisi Tarihi Adına Önemli Bir Belge: “Radyumla Tedavi Esasları”

Özcan

Küreci

Kılınç

et al. 2017

TAKSAD

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“…CBCT technology has been originated due to successive improvements on imaging modalities over time. Starting with the discovery of Roentgens' rays (x-rays) in 1895 [7] and then efforts were made on improving the imaging modalities. Such great efforts and improvements eventually led to the introduction of the first CT scanner which was invented by the British Engineer Sir Godfrey Hounsfield in 1972 [3,8].…”

Section: History Of Cbctmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dosimetry of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT); the Current Status and Future Prospects

Towairqi¹

2017

JCPCR

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History of CBCTBy extensively investigating any phenomenon and looking for learning the secrets behind, it is preferable to give a brief history of its technology and gradual developments. CBCT technology has been originated due to successive improvements on imaging modalities over time. Starting with the discovery of Roentgens' rays (x-rays) in 1895 [7] and then efforts were made on improving the imaging modalities. Such great efforts and improvements eventually led to the introduction of the first CT scanner which was invented by the British Engineer Sir Godfrey Hounsfield in 1972 [3,8]. High cost and radiation exposure of CT have allowed for more efforts to look for an imaging technique that is capable of providing the identical advantage of CT. However, low cost, less radiation exposure, and short scanning time were the main interests of scientists whose contributions have led to the introduction of Cone Beam CT [9]. According to Govila, first Cone Beam CT (CBCT) scanner was constructed by Robles RA [10] and in 1982 was adapted for clinical use at the Mayo Clinic Biodynamic Research Laboratory [4]. Sykes et al. [11] stated that CBCT systems have been available in radiotherapy treatment room after the publication of Jaffray et al. who firstly introduced its concept in 1998 and then becoming commercially available in 2005. As mentioned by Miracle and Mukherji that the first use of CBCT was in radiation therapy guiding in 1992 and the first CBCT system was fully integrated with the linear accelerator in 1999 [4]. Moreover, early versions of CBCT scanner for dental practice were described by Mozzo et al. and Arai in the late 1990s [4]. They also illustrated that CBCT has had the potential to be effectively used in imaging of dentistry clinical applications including dentomaxillofacial imaging, implantology, orthodontics, and endodontics [4]. Hyer has stated that CBCT has gained remarkable popularity and become highly demanded among the clinical set. As a result, Elekta and Varian have recently offered medical linear accelerators, used in the delivery of therapeutic doses, integrated with kilovoltage CBCT systems. These two currently available types of gantry mounted kilovoltage CBCT namely On Board Imager 'OBI, Varian Medical Systems', and X-ray Volumetric Imager 'XVI, Elekta Oncology Systems' [12,13]. Radiation Protection PrinciplesIonizing radiation has a negative impact of on the human body. There was an urgently need to create an independent, international, and non-governmental organization that is highly concerned with radiation protection named International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP). It aims to provide recommendations and guidance on radiation protection for the environment & humans involved in radiation activities. It also aims to prevent common side effects associated with radiation exposure such as cancer. The main task of ICRP has led to introduce radiation protection principles that are highly recommended before conducting any radiation activity in both medical and industrial practic...

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