The Eastern Alps

Leitner, Christoph; Spötl, Christoph

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809417-4.00022-7

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…During the Triassic, prior to the Jurassic opening of the Penninic Ocean, the ALCAPA block still constituted the southern-facing passive margin of the European continent. During this time, sedimentation on this margin evolved from epicontinental settings during the Late Permian and Early Triassic, which led to the widespread deposition of evaporites (Late Permian Haselgebirge Fm; Leitner et al, 2017) and continental clastics, to marine settings dominated by carbonate sedimentation from Mandl et al (2012), Plöchinger (1982), Schäffer (1982). Abbreviation: TS = thrust sheet/system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformation of the Dachstein Limestone in the Dachstein thrust sheet (Eastern Alps, Austria)

Fernández

Grasemann

Sanders

2022

Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Deformation affecting the Upper Triassic Dachstein Limestone has been analyzed in the Dachstein thrust sheet, the uppermost thrust unit of the central Northern Calcareous Alps (Eastern Alps). Different scales of deformation are discussed, from kilometer-scale thrusting down to folds in the order of tens of meters to meters. Observations are based on both conventional outcrop observations and on digital fieldwork performed on drone-captured virtual outcrops and on GoogleMaps 3D terrain renderizations. The structures observed were formed at different times and document the following events: 1) Late Triassic syn-depositional instability and slumping; 2) Late Triassic syn-depositional growth of the Hallstatt diapir; 3) Late Triassic syn-depositional, salt-driven, extensional faulting; 4) Jurassic-age re-activation of extensional faults; 5) (presumably) Early Cretaceous shortening in both east-west and north-south directions; and 6) (presumably) Late Cretaceous extensional re-activation of faults. The structures and their origin have a bearing on the interpretation of the tectonic evolution of the Dachstein thrust sheet, highlighting the potential relevance of salt tectonics in controlling its structure.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformation of the Dachstein Limestone in the Dachstein thrust sheet (Eastern Alps, Austria)

Fernández

Grasemann

Sanders

2022

Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(B) Simplified cross-section through the northern part of the NCAs, illustrating the successive thrusting (modified from Leitner and Spötl (2017)). (C) Schematic sketch of Mount Hochstaufen illustrating the different lithologies of the Tirolic unit (left) and simplified tectonic map around Mount Hochstaufen [modified fromSchweigl and Neubauer (1997)], and (D), the main hydraulic properties of the lithologies of the Tirolic nappe (left) as well as a brief description of the succession of the unit below the Tirolic towards the basement (right)(Leitner and Spötl, 2017)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the mechanisms of rain-triggered seismicity in karstic regions

Perrochet,

Preisig,

Valley

2023

Front. Earth Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Seismicity following heavy rainfall events is often considered to be triggered by the pore pressure diffusion front migrating from the surface towards the focal depth, assuming a homogeneous crust. Although this assumption can be justified in some cases depending on local geology (e.g., a homogeneously fractured basement), it is too simplistic for known karst areas. Indeed, the hydraulic behaviour of karst during a flood event is not dominated by pressure diffusion but by highly transmissive karst conduits. This generates rapid and large variations in hydraulic head, and if karstification deepens, this leads to large changes in pore pressure at seismogenic depth. We consider the conditions and data from three different case studies with karstic features to evaluate possible seismicity-triggering mechanisms. We identify four potential mechanisms to explain the influence of rainfall on fault stability: crustal loading and its associated poroelastic deformation, pore pressure diffusion, and direct hydraulic connection. We quantify the effect of these mechanisms for parametrisation corresponding to our case studies by considering the specific features of karst and using simplified analytical solutions. Results show that the pore pressure increase resulting from the crustal loading and poroelastic deformation is much smaller than the pore pressure increase resulting from a direct hydraulic connection and its deepening diffusion over small distances. Moreover, the timing between the intense precipitations and the beginning of seismicity may indicate the mechanism behind the triggering process: no time lag to a time lag of a few hours supposes a direct hydraulic connection, whereas a time lag of a few hours to a few days suggests a coupled solution of a rapid pressure increase resulting from direct hydraulic connection followed by the diffusion process prograding towards the focal depth. Our results highlight the importance of considering the intrinsic properties of karst and its spatial distribution, especially its depth, when studying rain-triggered seismicity in a karstic environment.

show abstract

“…The oldest strata in the central NCA are a thick succession of Permian to Lower Triassic clastics (Präbichl Fm and Werfen beds) and evaporites (Haselgebirge). This succession, in particular the evaporitic member, was many hundreds of meters thick, allowing for the widespread development of salt-related structures (Leitner & Spötl, 2017;Strauss et al, 2023;. The Lower Triassic is followed by a Middle Triassic succession of relatively thin (under 200 m, locally absent) Anisian limestones and dolomites (Gutenstein and Steinalm Fms) above which developed the Ladinian to Carnian Wetterstein Limestone (Lst) platform (up to 1500 m).…”

Section: Manuscript Submitted To Tectonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Architecture and Structure of a Fold-and-Thrust Belt During Initial Inversion of a Salt-Bearing Passive Margin (Jurassic of the Eastern Alps, Austria)

Fernández,

Ortner,

Munday

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inversion of the Austroalpine Triassic salt-bearing passive margin, represented by the Northern Calcareous Alps (Eastern Alps), started in the Late Jurassic. Subsequent deformation during the Cretaceous and Cenozoic mostly preserved the Late Jurassic deformation fabric in the central Northern Calcareous Alps, making it an outstanding location to understand the early history of inversion of salt-bearing margins. Thrusting and folding in the central NCA during the Late Jurassic were strongly conditioned by the distribution of Triassic salt structures, the thickness of supra-salt stratigraphy, the lateral propagation of deformation, and the possible influence of sub-salt basement faults. Syn-orogenic sediments make it possible to reliably reconstruct the timing of structural inversion. The description of Late Jurassic structures presented here indicates that initial inversion of the Northern Calcareous Alps led to the development of coherent deformation systems that accumulated limited amounts of shortening, totaling few tens of kilometers. This differs from previous interpretations of Late Jurassic deformation of the area, that involve major amounts of allochthony (many tens of kilometers). As a specific example of coherent structural development, we present here an 80 km long linked system of thrusts and folds (the Totengebirge–Trattberg contractional system), whose outstanding continuity has gone previously unrecognized. The anatomy of this system and its temporal evolution are described in detail and discussed in the framework of the Jurassic to recent evolution of the Eastern Alps.

show abstract

The Eastern Alps

Cited by 13 publications

References 37 publications

Deformation of the Dachstein Limestone in the Dachstein thrust sheet (Eastern Alps, Austria)

Deformation of the Dachstein Limestone in the Dachstein thrust sheet (Eastern Alps, Austria)

Quantifying the mechanisms of rain-triggered seismicity in karstic regions

Architecture and Structure of a Fold-and-Thrust Belt During Initial Inversion of a Salt-Bearing Passive Margin (Jurassic of the Eastern Alps, Austria)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About