21Keywords 22 ammonia in ambient air, traceability, reference gas standards, optical transfer standard, validation and testing 23 infrastructure 24
Abstract 25The environmental impacts of ammonia (NH 3 ) in ambient air have become more evident in the recent decades, 26 leading to intensifying research in this field. A number of novel analytical techniques and monitoring 27 instruments have been developed, and the quality and availability of reference gas mixtures used for the 28 calibration of measuring instruments has also increased significantly. However, recent inter-comparison 29 measurements show significant discrepancies, indicating that the majority of the newly developed devices and 30 reference materials require further thorough validation. There is a clear need for more intensive metrological 31 research focusing on quality assurance, intercomparability and validations. MetNH3 (Metrology for ammonia in 32 ambient air) is a three-year project within the framework of the European Metrology Research Programme 33 (EMRP), which aims to bring metrological traceability to ambient ammonia measurements in the 0.5 -34 500 nmol/mol amount fraction range. This is addressed by working in three areas: 1) improving accuracy and 35 2 stability of static and dynamic reference gas mixtures, 2) developing an optical transfer standard and 3) 36 establishing the link between high-accuracy metrological standards and field measurements. In this article we 37 describe the concept, aims and first results of the project.
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