The eco-evolutionary landscape of power relationships between males and females

Davidian, Eve; Surbeck, Martin; Lukas, Dieter; Kappeler, Peter M.; Huchard, Élise

doi:10.1016/j.tree.2022.04.004

Cited by 27 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Prevalence of specific dominance patterns in the dispersing group may also have played a role. There is evidence for fewer aggressive acts being used in societies where female dominance prevails (Kappeler et al, 2022;Davidian et al, 2022), as a result of sex differences in reactive aggression (Aubry et al, 2022). This line of thought would fit well with reverse dominance patterns hypothesized by Knight et al (1995); Knight (2010), building on Boesch (2009), to account for the earliest functions of ochre-based symbols in our lineage (Potts et al, 2018(Potts et al, , 2020.…”

Section: Linguistic/cognitive Phenotypessupporting

confidence: 70%

Loquens : A characterization of “Hunter-Gatherers of Words”

Boeckx¹

2022

Preprint

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This paper makes three interconnected claims: (i) the "human condition" cannot be captured by evolutionary narratives that reduce it to a recent 'cognitive modernity', nor by narratives that eliminates all cognitive differences between us and out closest extinct relatives, (ii) signals from paleogenomics, especially coming from deserts of introgression but also from signatures of positive selection point to the importance of mutations that may underlie temperamental differences, which impact cultural evolutionary trajectories in specific ways, and (iii) these trajectories in turn affect the language phenotypes. In particular, they influence the development of symbolic systems and the flexible ways in which symbols combine.

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Section: Linguistic/cognitive Phenotypessupporting

confidence: 70%

Loquens : A characterization of “Hunter-Gatherers of Words”

Boeckx¹

2022

Preprint

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“…One of the novelties of the present study was the standardized application of several methods to calculate intersexual dominance across a range of mammalian species with different social systems. We found the degree of female dominance to vary continuously from strict male dominance to strict female dominance, adding to a growing number of studies (Hemelrijk et al, 2008(Hemelrijk et al, , 2020Rina Evasoa et al, 2019;Davidian et al, 2022;Kappeler et al, 2022) breaking with traditional binary categorizations into female-dominant vs. male-dominant species. Clearly, binary categories are insufficient to capture the variation in intersexual dominance relationships occurring both across and within species.…”

Section: Indices Of Intersexual Dominancementioning

confidence: 68%

“…First, when males and females live in the same group, competition can occur both within and between the sexes for access to various resources, including -but not necessarily limited to -the feeding context (Valé et al, 2020;Koenig et al, 2022). Second, sexual conflict is nearly ubiquitous, and takes various forms that all generate intersexual strife (Chapman et al, 2003;Davidian et al, 2022), which affects the fitness of both sexes and may be mitigated by intersexual hierarchies. Thus, while it may make sense to use separate intrasexual hierarchies for species with pronounced sexual size dimorphism, with sex differences in the steepness, linearity and stability of the within-sex hierarchies, and in which the mechanisms of rank acquisition differ between the sexes, this approach may not be appropriate for other species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dichotomous classification of species as either male-or female-dominated has been challenged by more recent studies indicating that these patterns only represent the endpoints of a continuum (Hemelrijk et al, 2008(Hemelrijk et al, , 2020Davidian et al, 2022;Kappeler et al, 2022). It is now more widely appreciated that there are taxa where members of one sex only win a proportion of all agonistic interactions with the members of the other sex or where they dominate only some, but not all, opposite-sex individuals (Surbeck and Hohmann, 2013;Young et al, 2017, Vullioud et al, 2019Hemelrijk et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex and dominance: How to assess and interpret intersexual dominance relationships in mammalian societies

et al. 2022

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The causes and consequences of being in a particular dominance position have been illuminated in various animal species, and new methods to assess dominance relationships and to describe the structure of dominance hierarchies have been developed in recent years. Most research has focused on same-sex relationships, however, so that intersexual dominance relationships and hierarchies including both sexes have remained much less studied. In particular, different methods continue to be employed to rank males and females along a dominance hierarchy, and sex biases in dominance are still widely regarded as simple byproducts of sexual size dimorphism. However, males and females regularly compete over similar resources when living in the same group, and sexual conflict takes a variety of forms across societies. These processes affect the fitness of both sexes, and are mitigated by intersexual hierarchies. In this study, we draw on data from free-ranging populations of nine species of mammals that vary in the degree to which members of one sex dominate members of the other sex to explore the consequences of using different criteria and procedures for describing intra- and intersexual dominance relationships in these societies. Our analyses confirmed a continuum in patterns of intersexual dominance, from strictly male-dominated species to strictly female-dominated species. All indices of the degree of female dominance were well correlated with each other. The rank order among same-sex individuals was highly correlated between the intra- and intersexual hierarchies, and such correlation was not affected by the degree of female dominance. The relative prevalence of aggression and submission was sensitive to variation in the degree of female dominance across species, with more submissive signals and fewer aggressive acts being used in societies where female dominance prevails. Thus, this study provides important insights and key methodological tools to study intersexual dominance relationships in mammals.

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“…Yet, intersexual dominance in a group is seldom binary. Rather, groups may range from strongly male-dominant to strongly femaledominant (Davidian et al, 2022;Kappeler et al, 2022b). For instance, strict female dominance over males was supposed to be widespread in lemurs, but intersexual dominance relations have been shown to vary across groups and species, when they were measured as the proportion of intersexual conflicts won and the proportion of subordinate males (Kappeler et al, 2022a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to measure intersexual dominance?

Seex

Saccà²,

Hemelrijk³

2022

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Intersexual dominance (dominance between the sexes) is often assumed to be binary with species categorized as either male- or female-dominant. Yet in many species, the degree of intersexual dominance falls somewhere in the middle of these two extremes. There are several measures of intersexual dominance, but in empirical studies, it is not possible to evaluate which is best because the real degree of intersexual dominance is unknown. This evaluation is possible, however, in the agent-based model, DomWorld, because individuals have internal dominance values that drive their agonistic behavior. In the present study, we defined the accuracy of measures of intersexual dominance in DomWorld by the strength of the correlation between the degree of intersexual dominance based on A) their internal dominance values and B) observations of their competitive interactions (similar to observations in empirical studies). We examined the four measures that have been most commonly used in the literature: the proportion of intersexual conflicts won and initiated, the Female Dominance Index, and the proportion of female-dominant dyads. The Female Dominance Index was highly accurate, possibly because it was based on the outcomes of intra- and intersexual conflicts, both of which influence an individual's dominance. The proportion of intersexual conflicts initiated was similar in its accuracy to the Female Dominance Index and it was the only measure to be unaffected by missing data. Measures were more accurate when groups were smaller, or the intensity of aggression was higher, but their accuracy did not depend on the degree of sexual dimorphism. To best represent dominance relations between the sexes, we recommend reporting both the Female Dominance Index and the proportion of intersexual conflicts initiated.

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The eco-evolutionary landscape of power relationships between males and females

Cited by 27 publications

References 92 publications

Loquens : A characterization of “Hunter-Gatherers of Words”

Loquens : A characterization of “Hunter-Gatherers of Words”

Sex and dominance: How to assess and interpret intersexual dominance relationships in mammalian societies

How to measure intersexual dominance?

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