The ecological potentials of Phytomyxea (“plasmodiophorids”) in aquatic food webs

Neuhauser, Sigrid; Kirchmair, Martín; Gleason, Frank H.

doi:10.1007/s10750-010-0508-0

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…However, significantly less is known about the diversity, distribution and life cycles of aquatic and marine phytomyxids, despite their supposed ecological roles in aquatic food webs and marine ecosystems (Neuhauser et al, 2011a;Neuhauser et al, 2011b). This gap in knowledge is probably due to the difficulties in recognizing and identifying the species not producing galls (e.g., parasites of diatoms) (Neuhauser et al, 2012), while less attention is paid to non-crop parasites (Neuhauser et al, 2014) and targeted research in the marine ecosystem is almost lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare phytomyxid infection on the alien seagrass Halophila stipulacea in the southeast Aegean Sea

et al. 2017

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Phytomyxids (Phytomyxea) are obligate endosymbionts of many organisms such as algae, diatoms, oomycetes and higher plants including seagrasses. Despite their supposed significant roles in the marine ecosystem, our knowledge of their marine diversity and distribution as well as their life cycles is very limited. Here we describe anatomy and morphology of several developmental stages of a phytomyxid symbiosis recently discovered on the petioles of the alien seagrass Halophila stipulacea (Forssk.) Asch. at a locality in the southeast Aegean Sea. Its earliest whitish stages appeared already on the youngest leaves at the apex of the newly formed rhizomes. The infected host cells grew in volume being filled with plasmodia which resulted in the formation of characteristic macroscopic galls. The plasmodia eventually cleaved into spores and in the final stage recorded by us, the dark brown to black galls contained mature resting spores often occurring in duplexes and possessing thick verrucous outer walls. Based on its anatomo-morphological features the phytomyxid was assigned as Plasmodiophora cf. halophilae. Little is so far known about the origins and eco-physiological functioning of this rare symbiosis. However, seemingly similar infection patterns were reported in 1913 on Halophila ovalis (R. Br.) Hook. f. from Java and in 1995 on H. stipulacea from Sicily. Since H. stipulacea is of the Indo-Pacific origin and no phytomyxid infection was observed on the co-occurring autochthonous seagrass Cymodocea nodosa, we hypothesize that its phytomyxid might have co-migrated into the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal, potentially reaching as far as the southern Ionian Sea.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare phytomyxid infection on the alien seagrass Halophila stipulacea in the southeast Aegean Sea

et al. 2017

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“…Other phytomyxids infect freshwater and marine organisms (Neuhauser et al, 2011). Maullinia ectocarpii (Fig.…”

Section: Other Phytomyxeamentioning

confidence: 99%

Not in your usual Top 10: protists that infect plants and algae

Schwelm

Badstöber

Bulman

et al. 2017

Molecular Plant Pathology

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“…2010; Neuhauser et al . 2011; Schwelm et al . 2015) Plasmodiophora brasicae , a microbe which attacks members of the Brassicaceae family.…”

Section: Calcium Cyanamide and The Suppression Of Clubroot Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Managing clubroot disease (caused byPlasmodiophora brassicaeWor.) by exploiting the interactions between calcium cyanamide fertilizer and soil microorganisms

Dixon

2016

J. Agric. Sci.

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SUMMARYCalcium cyanamide is a nitrogenous fertilizer used predominantly for over a century in field and glasshouse vegetable and salad production. The current review draws together, for the first time, knowledge concerning the biological properties of the compound that benefit crop production by encouraging sustainable soil health and quality. This is achieved through the increase of microorganisms antagonistic to plant pathogens. The review also reports on the natural occurence and degradation of cyanamide. The literature survey provides a perspective of research from the early 1900s to current studies. This identifies that nitrogen is released steadily into the rhizosphere from this fertilizer. Calcium is also readily available for plant roots and promotes the alkaline soil conditions beneficial to benign microorganisms. Consequently, soil suppressiveness towards organisms such asPlasmodiophora brassicae, the cause of clubroot disease in brassicas, develops. The effects of calcium and accompanying changes in soil pH values are discussed in relation to the life-cycle stages ofP. brassicaeand the development of clubroot disease. Formulations of calcium cyanamide contain the dimeric form, dicyandiamide. This compound slows soil nitrification and subsequent nitrate leaching into ground waters, reducing potential pollution. Calcium cyanamide is normally used for growing specialized fresh produce and is not available in quantities comparable with ammoniacal fertilizers. It is contended, however, that it has properties deserving wider assessment because of their implications for sustainable cropping.

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The ecological potentials of Phytomyxea (“plasmodiophorids”) in aquatic food webs

Cited by 24 publications

References 68 publications

Rare phytomyxid infection on the alien seagrass Halophila stipulacea in the southeast Aegean Sea

Rare phytomyxid infection on the alien seagrass Halophila stipulacea in the southeast Aegean Sea

Not in your usual Top 10: protists that infect plants and algae

Managing clubroot disease (caused byPlasmodiophora brassicaeWor.) by exploiting the interactions between calcium cyanamide fertilizer and soil microorganisms

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