The ecology, epidemiology and virulence of Enterococcus

Fisher, Katie; Phillips, Carol A

doi:10.1099/mic.0.026385-0

Cited by 961 publications

(819 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Consistent with physiological characterization of the latter isolate, we found genes linked to antibiotic transport or modification and genes encoding virulence factors including collagen-binding adhesin, aggregation substance, enterococcal surface protein, gelatinase (gelE), and cytolysin (39). Additional predicted virulence factors included an exfoliative toxin A and a serine protease known to be transcribed with gelE (40). Comparison with the V583 genome revealed the absence in UC1ENC of the mobile element containing the vancomycin resistance genes (except for vanZ), as well as small sections of the pathogenicity island and most of the plasmid regions and prophages (Fig.…”

Section: Analyses Of Two Ecologically Distinct Citrobacter Subpopulatmentioning

confidence: 49%

Strain-resolved community genomic analysis of gut microbial colonization in a premature infant

Morowitz

Denef

Costello³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

187

169

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The intestinal microbiome is a critical determinant of human health. Alterations in its composition have been correlated with chronic disorders, such as obesity and inflammatory bowel disease in adults, and may be associated with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants. Increasing evidence suggests that strain-level genomic variation may underpin distinct ecological trajectories within mixed populations, yet there have been few strain-resolved analyses of genotype–phenotype connections in the context of the human ecosystem. Here, we document strain-level genomic divergence during the first 3 wk of life within the fecal microbiota of an infant born at 28-wk gestation. We observed three compositional phases during colonization, and reconstructed and intensively curated population genomic datasets from the third phase. The relative abundance of two Citrobacter strains sharing ~99% nucleotide identity changed significantly over time within a community dominated by a nearly clonal Serratia population and harboring a lower abundance Enterococcus population and multiple plasmids and bacteriophage. Modeling of Citrobacter strain abundance suggests differences in growth rates and host colonization patterns. We identified genotypic variation potentially responsible for divergent strain ecologies, including hotspots of sequence variation in regulatory genes and intergenic regions, and in genes involved in transport, flagellar biosynthesis, substrate metabolism, and host colonization, as well as differences in the complements of these genes. Our results demonstrate that a community genomic approach can elucidate gut microbial colonization at the resolution required to discern medically relevant strain and species population dynamics, and hence improve our ability to diagnose and treat microbial community-mediated disorders.

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Section: Analyses Of Two Ecologically Distinct Citrobacter Subpopulatmentioning

confidence: 49%

Strain-resolved community genomic analysis of gut microbial colonization in a premature infant

Morowitz

Denef

Costello³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

187

169

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“…The possibility of contact between different ecosystems would explain to some extent the presence of VRE strains in wild and exotic animals. Generally VRE strains are E. faecium (Fisher and Phillips 2009), but in our study strains were mainly E. faecalis (8/24 strains).…”

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confidence: 98%

Undomesticated Animals as a Reservoir of Multidrug-ResistantEnterococcusin Eastern Poland

Nowakiewicz

Ziółkowska

Zięba

et al. 2014

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:To assess implications for public health we compared the resistance of Enterococcus spp. strains to antibacterial drugs in wild and exotic animals with strains originating in domesticated animals and characterized correlations between Enterococcus species, the source of the isolate, and the degree of resistance to selected antibiotics. All strains, regardless of source, were susceptible to blactams, gentamicin, linezolid, and teicoplanin; the highest resistance was to kanamycin, quinupristin, and rifampicin. Thirteen strains from undomesticated animals were resistant to vancomycin, and one strain, from a fox, was resistant to streptomycin (high-dose). Multidrug-resistant strains accounted for 46% of the strains from wild animals and 59% of the strains from an exotic animal (the Russian tortoise; Testudo horsfieldii). Despite the relatively low level of resistance in the strains isolated from wild and exotic animals, the large number of intermediately susceptible strains in these groups is an indication of the evolutionary character of the development of resistance, suggesting that these animals may be potential reservoirs of Enterococcus strains resistant to a wide panel of currently used antibiotics.

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“…However, the introduction of new antibiotics to counter these pathogens has frequently been closely followed by the emergence of resistant strains (Cormican & Jones, 1996;Fisher & Phillips, 2009;Raad et al, 1998). The use of natural therapeutic products is as ancient as human civilization and, for a long time, minerals, plants and animal products were the main sources of drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro activity and in vivo efficacy of the saponin diosgenyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranoside hydrochloride (HSM1) alone and in combination with daptomycin and vancomycin against Gram-positive cocci

Cirioni

Myszka

Dawgul

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Surgical site infections are the second most common hospital-and community-acquired Grampositive infections, with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimating that about 500 000 surgical site infections occur annually in the USA. The aim of this work was to determine the in vitro activity of the saponin diosgenyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside hydrochloride (HSM1) and its bactericidal effect for a large number of Gram-positive cocci, as well as to investigate its in vitro interaction with seven clinically used antibiotics. In vivo, a wound model was established through the panniculus carnosus of BALB/c mice and then inoculated with 5¾10 7 c.f.u. Staphylococcus aureus or Enterococcus faecalis. For each bacterial strain, the study included an infected or non-infected group that did not receive any treatment, a group treated with local HSM1, a group treated with intraperitoneal vancomycin, a group treated with intraperitoneal daptomycin and two groups that received HSM1 local treatment plus intraperitoneal vancomycin or daptomycin. All isolates were inhibited by HSM1 at concentrations of 2-32 mg l "1 . Synergy was demonstrated when HSM1 was combined with vancomycin and daptomycin. In in vivo studies, all groups treated with single drugs showed a statistically significant result compared with the control group. The two groups treated with drug combinations showed the highest antimicrobial efficacy. The good in vitro activities and the in vivo efficacy suggest HSM1 as a promising therapeutic candidate in Gram-positive wound infections.

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The ecology, epidemiology and virulence of Enterococcus

Cited by 961 publications

References 66 publications

Strain-resolved community genomic analysis of gut microbial colonization in a premature infant

Strain-resolved community genomic analysis of gut microbial colonization in a premature infant

Undomesticated Animals as a Reservoir of Multidrug-ResistantEnterococcusin Eastern Poland

In vitro activity and in vivo efficacy of the saponin diosgenyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranoside hydrochloride (HSM1) alone and in combination with daptomycin and vancomycin against Gram-positive cocci

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