The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing in Other Vertebrate Taxa

Gordon, Iain J.; Prins, Herbert H. T.; Mallon, Jordan C.; Puk, Laura D.; Miranda, Everton B. P.; Starling-Manne, Carolina; Wal, René van der; Moore, Ben D.; Foley, William J.; Lush, Lucy; Maestri, Renan; Matsuda, Ikki; Clauß, Marcus

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25865-8_15

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 398 publications

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“…Furthermore, the study of rodent ecology per se is quite rare (Gomes Rodrigues et al 2009;Coillot et al 2013;Robinet et al 2020), and is more often used to date the deposit or propose environmental conditions (Vianney-Liaud 1991; Legendre et al 2005;Maridet and Sen 2012) than to propose dietary preferences (Samuels 2009). When mentioned, the diet of herbivorous rodents is not described on the classic grazer-grazer spectrum, but rather between folivore and graminivore (Gordon et al 2019). Regarding lagomorphs, the study of non-rabbit taxa is even more rare.…”

Section: Interactions With Other Herbivoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The species found are mainly Muridae, but Hystrix primigenia is also frequently present (NOW Database, 2020 and references therin). The interaction between ungulates and present-day rodents has been discussed very broadly in "The Ecology of the Browsing and Grazing I & II" (Gordon and Prins 2008;Gordon et al 2019). The authors report a wide range of effects, both positive and negative, greatly dependent on the habitat and species involved.…”

Section: Interactions With Other Herbivoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Miocene rhinocerotids from the Balkan-Iranian province: ecological insights from dental microwear textures and enamel hypoplasia

et al. 2022

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The late Miocene is a period of increasing aridity and habitat openness 22 in the south-eastern Mediterranean region. The impact of these changes has not 23 been fully explored regarding rhinocerotids' ecology, although rhinoceroses were 24 a major and diverse component of the Miocene mammalian faunas. Here we 25 investigate the palaeoecology of rhinocerotid specimens coming from 12 26 localities throughout the Balkan-Iranian zoogeographic province, and covering a 27 large part of the late Miocene (MN9 to MN13). Microwear textures confirmed 28 the hypothesised niche partitioning between the two main rhinocerotid species -29 Ceratotherium [Ce.] neumayri (mixed-feeder including grasses) and Dihoplus 30 pikermiensis (browser) -but highlighted dietary overlap between Ce. neumayri 31 and the co-occurring chilothere species at Maragheh, Samos and Pentalophos-1. 32 Although microwear did not reveal clear spatiotemporal differences, we found 33 obvious discrepancies regarding hypoplasia prevalence: Vallesian rhinocerotid 34 teeth displayed more defects (Xirochori and Pentalophos-1: 16.26 % of teeth 35 affected) than Turolian specimens (all other localities: 9.72 %). Similarly, 36 rhinocerotid teeth from eastern localities (Samos and Maragheh; supposedly more 37 arid), had a higher hypoplasia prevalence (13.52 %) than their western 38 counterparts (6.90 %). Insights from rhinocerotids' ecology thus challenged space 39 and time homogeneity within Balkan-Iranian province, and the associated 40 savanna habitat, at least regarding the sample studied here.

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Section: Interactions With Other Herbivoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interactions With Other Herbivoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Miocene rhinocerotids from the Balkan-Iranian province: ecological insights from dental microwear textures and enamel hypoplasia

et al. 2022

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“…Some are cultivated for food [5], rubber [10], pharmacologically active molecule production [8], and herbivore-deterrent fencing [11]. Despite clear evidence of latex's deterrence of herbivory, and the abundance and diversity of plants that produce latex, the question of how the two major categories of herbivores, foregut fermenters and hindgut fermenters, tackle the small or large amounts of latex that must inevitably enter their diet has not been explored, even by the venerable 454-page volume, The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing II, in which the word "latex" does not even appear [12]. And with paper titles like Grazers and Browsers: How Digestive Morphology Affects Diet Selection [13], the prevalent assumption is that gut morphology, and, presumably, associated physiology shapes forage selection, rather than the other way around.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Alkaline Foregut Protects Herbivores from Latex in Forage, but Increases Their Susceptibility to Bt Endotoxin

Rajan

2023

Life

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About 10% of angiosperms, an estimated 20,000 species, produce latex from ubiquitous isoprene precursors. Latex, an aqueous suspension of rubber particles and other compounds, functions as an antifeedant and herbivory deterrent. It is soluble in neutral to alkaline pH, and coagulates in acidic environments. Here, I propose that foregut-fermenting herbivores such as ruminants, kangaroos, sloths, insect larvae, and tadpoles have adapted to latex in forage with the evolution of alkaline anterior digestive chamber(s). However, they consequently become susceptible to the action of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) δ-endotoxin and related bioinsecticides which are activated in alkaline environments. By contrast, hindgut-fermenting herbivores, such as horses and rabbits, have acidic anterior digestive chambers, in which latex coagulates and may cause gut blockage, but in which Bt is not activated. The latex-adapted foregut herbivore vs. latex-maladapted hindgut herbivore hypothesis developed in this paper has implications for hindgut-fermenting livestock and zoo animals which may be provided with latex-containing forage that is detrimental to their gut health. Further, ruminants and herbivorous tadpoles with alkaline anterior chambers are at risk of damage by the supposedly “environmentally friendly” Bt bioinsecticide, which is widely disseminated or engineered into crops which may enter animal feed streams.

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“…Studies in herbivore ecology typically distinguish between browse and grass, or dicot and monocot herbivore diets (Clauss et al, 2008; Codron et al, 2019; Gordon et al, 2019). The emergence of grasslands is considered a key development with enormous consequences that gave rise to a new kind of herbivore diversity (Janis, 2008; Stebbins, 1981; Strömberg, 2011; Toljagić et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digestion of bamboo compared to grass and lucerne in a small hindgut fermenting herbivore, the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)

et al. 2021

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Bamboo is an enigmatic forage, representing a niche food for pandas and bamboo lemurs. Bamboo might not represent a suitable forage for herbivores relying on fermentative digestion, potentially due to its low fermentability. To test this hypothesis, guinea pigs (n = 36) were used as model species and fed ad libitum with one of three forages (bamboo, lucerne, or timothy grass) in a fresh or dried state, with six individuals per group, for 3 weeks. The nutrient composition and in vitro fermentation profile of bamboo displayed low fermentation potential, i.e. high lignin and silica levels together with a gas production (Hohenheim gas test) at 12 h of only 36% of that of lucerne and grass. Although silica levels were more abundant in the leftovers of (almost) all groups, guinea pigs did not select against lignin on bamboo. Dry matter (DM) intake was highest and DM digestibility lowest on the bamboo forage. Total short‐chain fatty acid levels in caecal content were highest for lucerne and lowest for grass and bamboo. Bamboo‐fed guinea pigs had a lower body weight gain than the grass and lucerne group. The forage hydration state did not substantially affect digestion, but dry forage led to a numerically higher total wet gut fill. Although guinea pigs increased DM intake on the bamboo diet, the negative effects on fermentation of lignin and silica in bamboo seemed overriding. For herbivores that did not evolutionary adapt, bamboo as an exclusive food resource can be considered as inadequate.

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The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing in Other Vertebrate Taxa

Cited by 10 publications

References 398 publications

Late Miocene rhinocerotids from the Balkan-Iranian province: ecological insights from dental microwear textures and enamel hypoplasia

Late Miocene rhinocerotids from the Balkan-Iranian province: ecological insights from dental microwear textures and enamel hypoplasia

An Alkaline Foregut Protects Herbivores from Latex in Forage, but Increases Their Susceptibility to Bt Endotoxin

Digestion of bamboo compared to grass and lucerne in a small hindgut fermenting herbivore, the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)

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