The Ecology of Rafting in the Marine Environment. I. the Floating Substrata

Thiel, Martín; Gutow, Lars

doi:10.1201/9780203507810.ch6

Cited by 206 publications

(284 citation statements)

References 245 publications

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“…Unlike turtles, dispersal patterns of floating objects, such as ropes or driftwood, depend mostly on ocean currents (Thiel and Gutow 2005a). The general strong genetic differentiation observed in C. andreae collected from these substrata suggests that prevailing current patterns in the study area may be promoting the low connectivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Many authors have reported that floating items may become concentrated in convergence zones of wind-induced Langmuir cells, eddies and frontal systems (NimmoSmith and Thorpe 1999;Acha et al 2003), such as those that characterise the Alboran basin and the Portuguese coast (see above). Here, different floating items may come into direct contact with each other, allowing rafting organisms to switch between rafts (Hobday 2000;Gutow and Franke 2003;Thiel and Gutow 2005a). However, floating objects have a high unpredictability of subsequent encounters with other floating items (Thiel and Gutow 2005b), and switching between rafts does not occur very frequently (Hobday 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-distance dispersal, low connectivity and molecular evidence of a new cryptic species in the obligate rafter Caprella andreae Mayer, 1890 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Caprellidae)

et al. 2012

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The amphipod Caprella andreae Mayer, 1890 was recorded for the first time in Southern Iberian Peninsula (36°44 0 15 00 N, 3°59 0 38 00 W). This species is the only obligate rafter of the suborder Caprellidea and has been reported to attach not only to floating objects such as ropes or driftwoods but also to turtle carapaces. Mitochondrial and nuclear markers were used to examine dispersal capabilities and population genetic structure of C. andreae across seven localities in the Mediterranean and Atlantic Ocean collected from floating substrata with different dispersal patterns. The strong population differentiation with no haplotypes shared between populations suggests that C. andreae is quite faithful to the substratum on which it settles. In addition, the proportionally higher genetic diversity displayed in populations living on turtles as well as the presence of highly differentiated haplotypes in the same turtle population may be indicative that these populations survive longer, which could lead C. andreae to prefer turtles instead of floating objects to settle and disperse. Therefore, rafting on floating objects may be sporadic, and ocean currents would not be the most important factor shaping patterns of connectivity and population structure in this species. Furthermore, molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed the existence of a cryptic species whose estimates of genetic divergence are higher than those estimated between C. andreae and other congeneric species (e.g. Caprella dilatata and Caprella penantis). Discovery of cryptic species among widely distributed small marine invertebrates is quite common and, in this case, prompts for a more detailed phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of genus Caprella. On the other hand, this study also means the first record of the gammarids Jassa cadetta and Elasmopus brasiliensis and the caprellid Caprella hirsuta on drifting objects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-distance dispersal, low connectivity and molecular evidence of a new cryptic species in the obligate rafter Caprella andreae Mayer, 1890 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Caprellidae)

et al. 2012

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“…Idotea baltica, in contrast, showed higher activity with more frequent movements on the substratum, sediment and algae, and within the water column. Idotea metallica occurs mainly in offshore waters where densities of floating items are usually much lower than in coastal waters (Thiel et al 2003;Thiel and Gutow 2005b). Even though I. metallica is capable of active swimming, locomotive performance is poor compared to pelagic organisms such as fishes.…”

Section: Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Probably, leaving the raft will rapidly lead to death by exhaustion as a consequence of extended swimming in search of a substratum. However, a higher probability of colonizing a new substratum in offshore waters may be given where floating items accumulate in surface fronts of gyres or Langmuir circulations (Thiel and Gutow 2005b).…”

Section: Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural and metabolic adaptations of marine isopods to the rafting life style

et al. 2006

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Rafting on floating objects is a common dispersal mechanism for many marine invertebrates. In order to identify adaptations to the rafting life style, we compared behavioural and metabolic characteristics of two isopods, the obligate rafter Idotea metallica and the facultative rafter Idotea baltica. In laboratory experiments, I. metallica showed low locomotive activity and a tight association to the substratum. Idotea baltica, in contrast, was more active with more frequent excursions in the surrounding water column. Oxygen consumption rates were similar in both species. Idotea metallica fed on zooplankton making this species widely independent of autochthonous food resources of the raft. Feeding rates and digestive enzyme activities were low in I. metallica. Reduced egestion rates may indicate slow gut passage and, thus, efficient resorption of nutrients. Efficient food utilization and the ability to accumulate high amounts of storage products, i.e. lipids, indicate a possible adaptation of I. metallica to low food availability or starvation. The feeding behaviour of I. baltica, in contrast, was more herbivorous and appeared wasteful and inefficient. Low lipid contents in I. baltica also indicate poor storage reserves. Thus, I. baltica requires a permanent access to food.

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“…As algal rafting is an important means for small benthic species without long-lived larvae to disperse over long distances and colonize new areas (e.g. Johannesson 1988;Ingo´lfsson 1992;Thiel and Gutow 2004), this study aimed at to identify at an early stage species which might get a chance in the near future to establish themselves as new members of the local benthic communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term changes in the macrozoobenthos around the rocky island of Helgoland (German Bight, North Sea)

Franke

Gutow

2004

Helgol Mar Res

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The paper briefly summarizes what is known about long-term changes (facts, causes, consequences) in the macrozoobenthos of intertidal and subtidal hardbottom communities around the island of Helgoland (German Bight, North Sea). There is increasing observational evidence that these communities (spectrum and abundances of species) are changing on a long-term temporal scale. The reasons are diverse and mainly anthropogenic. A shift in North Sea climate towards more oceanic conditions may be among the most important factors driving the recent changes in species spectrum. Many of the species which have been recorded as new to the Helgoland area during the past decade are southern (oceanic) species which may be considered as indicators of a warming trend.

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The Ecology of Rafting in the Marine Environment. I. the Floating Substrata

Cited by 206 publications

References 245 publications

Long-distance dispersal, low connectivity and molecular evidence of a new cryptic species in the obligate rafter Caprella andreae Mayer, 1890 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Caprellidae)

Long-distance dispersal, low connectivity and molecular evidence of a new cryptic species in the obligate rafter Caprella andreae Mayer, 1890 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Caprellidae)

Behavioural and metabolic adaptations of marine isopods to the rafting life style

Long-term changes in the macrozoobenthos around the rocky island of Helgoland (German Bight, North Sea)

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