The Ecology of Rhabdoviruses That Infect Vertebrates

Shope, Robert E.; Tesh, Robert B.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-7032-1_11

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…It is noteworthy that several animal rhabdoviruses have a broad host range, extending from nearly all mammals to arthropods (Dietzchold et al 1996). Arthropods, especially biting insects, play a n important role in the life cycle of several rhabdoviruses (Shope & Tesh 1987). The arthropods infesting cetaceans include 2 groups of crustaceans, but no insects (Raga 1994).…”

Section: Rhabdovzrzdaementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of virus infections of cetaceans and the potential impact of morbilliviruses, poxviruses and papillomaviruses on host population dynamics

Bressem¹,

Waerebeek²,

Raga³

1999

Dis. Aquat. Org.

137

105

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ABSTRACT. Viruses belonging to 9 farmlies have been detected in cetaceans. We critically review the clinical features, pathology and epidemiology of the diseases they cause. Cetacean morbillivirus (family Paramyxoviridae) induces a serious disease with a high mortality rate and persists in several population~. It may have long-term effects on the dynamics of cetacean populations either as enzoot~c infection or recurrent epizootics. The latter presumably have the more profound impact due to removal of sexually mature individuals. Members of the family Poxviridae infect several species of odontocetes, resulting in ring and tattoo skin lesions. Although poxviruses apparently do not induce a high mortality, circumstancial evidence suggests they may be lethal in young animals lacking protective immunity, and thus may negatively affect net recruitment. Papillomaviruses (family Papovaviridae) cause genital warts in at least 3 species of cetaceans. In 10% of male Burmeister's pal-poises Phocoena spinipinnis from Peru, lesions were sufficiently severe to at least hamper, i f not impede, copulation. Members of the families Herpesviddae, Orthomyxoviridae and Rhabdov~ridae were demonstrated in cetaceans suffering serious illnesses, but with the exception of a 'porpoise herpesvirus' their causative role is still tentative. Herpes-like viruses and caliciviruses (Caliciviridae) give rise to cutaneous diseases in Monodontidae and Delphinidae. Antibodies to several serotypes of caliciviruses were found in odontocetes and mysticetes. An unrecognized Hepadnaviridae was detected by serology in a captive Pacific whitesided dolphin Lagenorhynchus ohliquidens with chronic persistent hepatitis. Adenoviruses (Adenoviridae) were isolated from the intestinal tracts of mysticeti and a beluga Delphinapterus leucas but were not associated with any pathologies. We discuss the potential impact of Paramysovjndae, Poxvlridae and Papovaviridae on the dynamics of several odontocete populatlons

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Section: Rhabdovzrzdaementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of virus infections of cetaceans and the potential impact of morbilliviruses, poxviruses and papillomaviruses on host population dynamics

Bressem¹,

Waerebeek²,

Raga³

1999

Dis. Aquat. Org.

137

105

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“…Phlebotomine sandflies are small hematophagous insects that serve as vectors of protozoa, bacteria, and a diverse group of vertebrate viruses, including members of the families Rhabdoviridae, Bunyaviridae, Flaviviridae and Reoviridae (Karabatsos, 1985; Shope and Tesh, 1987; Tesh, 1988). Of the rhabdoviruses associated with sandflies, most are members of the genus Vesiculovirus , including such human and veterinary pathogens as Chandipura (CHPV), Vesicular stomatitis Indiana (VSIV) and Vesicular stomatitis New Jersey (VSNJV) viruses (Karabatsos, 1985; Shope and Tesh, 1987)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the rhabdoviruses associated with sandflies, most are members of the genus Vesiculovirus , including such human and veterinary pathogens as Chandipura (CHPV), Vesicular stomatitis Indiana (VSIV) and Vesicular stomatitis New Jersey (VSNJV) viruses (Karabatsos, 1985; Shope and Tesh, 1987)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Niakha virus: A novel member of the family Rhabdoviridae isolated from phlebotomine sandflies in Senegal

Vasilakis

Widen²,

Mayer³

et al. 2013

Virology

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Members of the family Rhabdoviridae have been assigned to eight genera but many remain unassigned. Rhabdoviruses have a remarkably diverse host range that includes terrestrial and marine animals, invertebrates and plants. Transmission of some rhabdoviruses often requires an arthropod vector, such as mosquitoes, midges, sandflies, ticks, aphids and leafhoppers, in which they replicate. Herein we characterize Niakha virus (NIAV), a previously uncharacterized rhabdovirus isolated from phebotomine sandflies in Senegal. Analysis of the 11,124 nt genome sequence indicates that it encodes the five common rhabdovirus proteins with alternative ORFs in the M, G and L genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the L protein indicate that NIAV’s closest relative is Oak Vale rhabdovirus, although in this analysis NIAV is still so phylogenetically distinct that it might be classified as distinct from the eight currently recognized Rhabdoviridae genera. This observation highlights the vast, and yet not fully recognized diversity, of this family.

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“…Livestock have been considered as dead-end hosts because detectable viraemia is absent from VSNJV-infected animals (Shope & Tesh, 1987). This has led to the theory that a wildlife reservoir(s) serves as a VSNJV maintenance and/or amplifying host(s) (Webb et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Domestic cattle as a non-conventional amplifying host of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus

Smith

Howerth

Carter

et al. 2010

Medical and Veterinary Entomology

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The role of vertebrates as amplifying and maintenance hosts for vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) remains unclear. Livestock have been considered dead-end hosts because detectable viraemia is absent in VSNJV-infected animals. This study demonstrated two situations in which cattle can represent a source of VSNJV to Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt (Diptera: Simuliidae) by serving: (a) as a substrate for horizontal transmission among co-feeding black flies, and (b) as a source of infection to uninfected black flies feeding on sites where VSNJV-infected black flies have previously fed. Observed co-feeding transmission rates ranged from 0% to 67%. Uninfected flies physically separated from infected flies by a distance of up to 11 cm were able to acquire virus during feeding although the rate of transmission decreased as the distance between infected and uninfected flies increased. Acquisition of VSNJV by uninfected flies feeding on initial inoculation sites at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post-infection, in both the presence and absence of vesicular lesions, was detected.

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The Ecology of Rhabdoviruses That Infect Vertebrates

Cited by 16 publications

References 56 publications

A review of virus infections of cetaceans and the potential impact of morbilliviruses, poxviruses and papillomaviruses on host population dynamics

A review of virus infections of cetaceans and the potential impact of morbilliviruses, poxviruses and papillomaviruses on host population dynamics

Niakha virus: A novel member of the family Rhabdoviridae isolated from phlebotomine sandflies in Senegal

Domestic cattle as a non-conventional amplifying host of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus

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