The Ecology of Ticks Transmitting Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in a Study Area in Virginia1

Ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) present at Parque Nacional El Rey, Argentina

“…Ticks were collected from humans, domestic and wild animals, and from the vegetation (using the dragging technique with pieces of white flannel as described by Sonenshine et al [1966], or by hand collection) in six 13-day field trips conducted in 1999 (January and August), 2000 (March and November), and 2001 (March and June). Small mammals and birds (the latter were individuals that accidentally fell in the traps) were captured in the last three field trips, with official permission of Administración de Parques Nacionales.…”

The Biological Survey of Canada: A Personal History

“…Unfed adults of D. variabilis overwinter and become active shortly after snow melt (e.g., late March to early May). Males usually appear before females (Sonenshine et al 1966) and adult host-seeking populations usually peak in late May and June (Garvie Brinton et al (1965); insert redrawn from Yunker et al (1986).…”

“…Occasionally, recently emerged larvae infest hosts in late August (Garvie et al 1978;Smart and Caccamise 1988;Micher and Rockett 1993) or September (Sonenshine et al , 1966Zimmerman et al 1987), although this fall peak in larvae may not occur in all years (Garvie et al 1978) or at all geographic localities (Jackson and DeFoliart 1975;Burachynsky and Galloway 1985). Overwintered larvae begin to seek hosts from March to May (Garvie et al 1978;Burachynsky and Galloway 1985).…”

Diversity of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting cheetahs (Acinoyx jubatus) at three breeding centres in South Africa and activity patterns of questing ticks

“…Ticks questing for hosts from the vegetation were collected by using a drag-sampling device capable of collecting all stages of ixodid ticks, particularly larvae (Petney and Horak, 1987;Sonenshine et al, 1966). The device consists of ten flannel strips, each 100 cm long and 10 cm wide, attached to a 120 cm-long wooden spar by means of Velcro ® tape.…”