The Ecology of Wildlife Diseases

Shostak, Allen W.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-39.2.470

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…For example, homogenous landscapes have been shown to facilitate the spread of rabies virus in raccoons ( Procyon lotor ) (Brunker et al., 2012) or Mycobacterium tuberculosis in badgers ( Meles meles ) (Acevedo, Prieto, et al., 2019), while more heterogeneous landscapes have been shown to limit the spread of highly virulent pathogens (Lane‐deGraaf et al., 2013). Host–pathogen interactions – in directly transmitted diseases – occur at distinct points in time and locations, with the spatial and temporal variability in the availability of susceptible hosts being one of the governing factors of a successful transmission (Hudson, 2002; Ostfeld et al., 2005; Real & Biek, 2007). Consequently, homogenous landscapes and their lack of barriers allow more virulent pathogen strains to infect a sufficient number of hosts to persist in those landscapes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A typical pathogenic trait is its virulence, that is, its ability to negatively affect the fitness of its host (Hudson, 2002). Hence, a key aspect of the invasive success of infectious pathogens in a host population, such as Ebolavirus, SARS‐CoV‐2 or Avian Influenza virus, is balancing the delicate interplay of transmission and host exploitation, also termed the virulence–transmission trade‐off hypothesis (Day, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resource asynchrony and landscape homogenization as drivers of virulence evolution: The case of a directly transmitted disease in a social host

Kürschner,

Scherer,

Radchuk

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Throughout the last decades, the emergence of zoonotic diseases and the frequency of disease outbreaks have increased substantially, fuelled by habitat encroachment and vectors overlapping with more hosts due to global change. The virulence of pathogens is one key trait for successful invasion. In order to understand how global change drivers such as habitat homogenization and climate change drive pathogen virulence evolution, we adapted an established individual‐based model of host–pathogen dynamics. Our model simulates a population of social hosts affected by a directly transmitted evolving pathogen in a dynamic landscape. Pathogen virulence evolution results in multiple strains in the model that differ in their transmission capability and lethality. We represent the effects of global change by simulating environmental changes both in time (resource asynchrony) and space (homogenization). We found an increase in pathogenic virulence and a shift in strain dominance with increasing landscape homogenization. Our model further indicated that lower virulence is dominant in fragmented landscapes, although pulses of highly virulent strains emerged under resource asynchrony. While all landscape scenarios favoured co‐occurrence of low‐ and high‐virulent strains, the high‐virulence strains capitalized on the possibility for transmission when host density increased and were likely to become dominant. With asynchrony likely to occur more often due to global change, our model showed that a subsequent evolution towards lower virulence could lead to some diseases becoming endemic in their host populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource asynchrony and landscape homogenization as drivers of virulence evolution: The case of a directly transmitted disease in a social host

Kürschner,

Scherer,

Radchuk

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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“…The abundance and diversity of viruses depend upon the host ecology, feeding habits, sexual behavior, etc. Viruses with high contagious rates are able to invade novel hosts at lower host population densities and present continuously in susceptible hosts (Anderson & May 1992, Shostak 2003. Conversely, viruses with lower transmission rates would only able to invade at high host contact rates and present at high host densities (Smith et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, viruses with lower transmission rates would only able to invade at high host contact rates and present at high host densities (Smith et al 2014). In some viruses (Sexually transmitted virus) the transmission rate is independent of host density (Shostak 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding bats as a host of different viruses and Nepal's vulnerability on bat viruses

Acharya

Pandey

2020

Nep. J. Zool.

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Bats maintain and transmit many viruses (Filoviruses, Rubulaviruses, Henipaviruses, Lyssaviruses, and Coronaviruses etc.); most of them are pathogenic to human but bats act as reservoir host without causing any pathogenesis. Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a twenty-first-century awakening for the human world that signifies the zoonotic viral challenge. Bats fauna are suspected to originate viral outbreaks through solid evidence that is lacking worldwide. The bats like Pteropus giganteus, Rousettus leschenaultii, Eonycteris spealea, Rhinolophus sinicus, R. affinis, R. ferremequinum, Nyctalus noctula, and Scotophillus sp. are reported for viral evidence that are also extended to Nepal's geography. Bats bush-meat culture persist in Chepang community of Nepal indicates a high risk of a zoonotic viral outbreak in the future. Though Nepal has no evidence of any viral outbreak until the COVID-19 pandemic situation, precaution is warned for bat conservation and bat roost management to ensure bat virus safety.

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The Ecology of Wildlife Diseases

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

Resource asynchrony and landscape homogenization as drivers of virulence evolution: The case of a directly transmitted disease in a social host

Resource asynchrony and landscape homogenization as drivers of virulence evolution: The case of a directly transmitted disease in a social host

Understanding bats as a host of different viruses and Nepal's vulnerability on bat viruses

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