The Economic Burden of Malaria on Households and the Health System in Enugu State Southeast Nigeria

Onwujekwe, Obinna; Uguru, Nkoli; Etiaba, Enyi; Chikezie, Ifeanyi; Uzochukwu, Benjamin; Adjagba, Alex

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078362

Cited by 73 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Allium sativum supplemented along with artesunate low dose and high dose treated animals also showed non-significant decrease in SDH at all time intervals ( Table 2, Table 4). [32][33][34] Artemisinin displays the most rapid action among the current drugs against Plasmodium falciparum as well as Plasmodium vivax induced malaria. 35 Further, Artemisinin and its derivatives have been observed to exhibit potency against the asexual and erythrocytic forms of P. falciparum and P. vivax.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2017

IJPSR

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ABSTRACT:In recent times, the use of natural antioxidants as ameliorative agents has become the focus of basic research. Allium sativum (garlic) is one such agent which has been proven to have antibacterial, antiseptic, antifungal, antiparasitic, anticoagulant and antitumor properties. The present investigation deals with the ameliorative effects of Allium sativum on the induced renal toxicity of the antimalarial drug, artesunate, which has been used as an alternative antimalarial drug against conventional drugs like chloroquine. Thirty six male mice were divided into six experimental groups. In the present study, Allium sativum was given at 100 mg/kg body weight with low dose (150 mg/kg body weight) and high dose (300 mg/kg body weight) of artesunate for 14 days and 21 days duration. Obtained results showed significant alterations in gravimetric indices as well as biochemical parameters. Moreover, administration of Allium sativum exhibited recovery and reestablishment of various altered indices in renal tissue as opposed to artesunate treated groups. This study obviously demonstrated that treatment with Allium sativum significantly attenuated the renal toxicity induced by artesunate in Mus musculus. Thus, it can be concluded from the observed results that Allium sativum could be used as a potent mitigating agent against antimalarial drug toxicity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2017

IJPSR

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“…The populations at risk are citizens of Anambra State and, like most parts of Nigeria, the impact of malaria has posed a huge public health concern [2] Ethnically, the people of Anambra State are Igbo and are mainly Christians with a few traditional worshipers [10]. Their enterprising business acumen has earned them the reputation as skilled business people.…”

Section: Population At Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Malaria on the People of Anambra State Nigeria and their Response to the Disease

Emeka¹

2017

J Infect Dis Ther

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Malaria has been identified as a major public health problem in sub-Saharan African countries such as Nigeria, where the disease's morbidity and mortality for children under 5 years of age, pregnant women and the very old is very high [1]. Anambra State and Nigeria as a country have experienced a continuous lack of access and healthcare underutilization of biomedical health services for malaria treatment and has suffered immensely due to poverty [2]. Malaria more heavily affects people who are in poverty, as they have no means of paying for healthcare. It is a common infectious disease that is widespread in most tropical regions of the world, especially Asia and SubSaharan African countries where malaria infects about 515 million persons a year and is responsible for 1.5 to 2 million deaths per annum among children under age 5. Malaria has been linked to poverty, since it is known to affect people and regions in poverty that cannot afford malaria treatment (WHO, 2015).

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“…The economic burden of malaria is the subject of much debate at both international, regional and local level [10][11][12][13][14]. Calculating the loss of productivity resulting from malaria related sickness is a pre requisite necessary to estimate the economic burden of malaria [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calculating the loss of productivity resulting from malaria related sickness is a pre requisite necessary to estimate the economic burden of malaria [15]. In some part of Nigeria, studies showed that the direct and indirect costs due to malaria burden was estimated to exceeded US $2 billion10 whereas, in some other places, households spend between $2 to $25 and $20 to $15 respectively on malaria treatment and prevention each month [8,12]. However, there is scarcity of this information in Bayelsa state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cost Implications of Malaria Burden on House Hold Expenditure among Socio-Economic Classes in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Amawulu¹,

Dorothy²

2017

J Trop Dis

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Understanding the economic burden of malaria is a pre-requisite to mounting long term control intervention among social classes in malaria endemic areas. The study determined the effect of malaria on house hold expenditure in Yenagoa metropolis during January, 2016 and March, 2016. A descriptive study design was adopted. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 287 respondents and analyzed using simple percentage, ANOVAs and Chi-square as statistical tools.The result showed that per capita income of respondents were lower than international standard.The average direct cost (cost of treatment) was higher than the indirect cost (cost of prevention). The monetary values of direct and indirect cost were N19.945.71 and N3423.41 respectively. These values vary across socio economic classes; differences were not significant (χ 2 c=642.99; df=5; P>0.05). The average cost of treatment per malaria episode (including direct and indirect costs) across occupational status ranges between N677.90 and N19,759.07. These values vary across occupational status. The differences were not statistically significant (χ 2 c=642.989; df=5; P>0.05). The average loss days to malaria were 9.51 days, translating to an average of N42,319.50 per loss days per malaria episode. The implication of this result has called for prompt attention from government, health planners and other agency for special interventions.

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The Economic Burden of Malaria on Households and the Health System in Enugu State Southeast Nigeria

Cited by 73 publications

References 15 publications

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The Impact of Malaria on the People of Anambra State Nigeria and their Response to the Disease

The Cost Implications of Malaria Burden on House Hold Expenditure among Socio-Economic Classes in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

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