The Economic Burden of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Sudan: An Assessment of Provider and Household Costs

Meheus, Filip; Abuzaid, Abuzaid A.; Baltussen, Rob; Younis, Brima M.; Balasegaram, Manica; Khalil, E. A. G.; Boelaert, Marleen; Musa, Ahmed

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.12-0585

Cited by 38 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…‡Value calculated from the yearly gross wage of a subject in 2014 of BRL 9653.33 [16]. (US$ 387-544), including direct and indirect costs, and the productivity loss was estimated only with regard to morbidity [24]. In both studies, the costs were estimated through the micro-costing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost of visceral leishmaniasis care in Brazil

Carvalho

Peixoto

Romero

et al. 2017

Tropical Med Int Health

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost of visceral leishmaniasis care in Brazil

Carvalho

Peixoto

Romero

et al. 2017

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…Due to the broad exploratory nature of this systematic review, all patients with any form of leishmaniasis regardless of age and gender were included. We also included assessments of how the disease has wider impacts on family and community members due, for example, to social stigma and financial strain (35,36).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Leishmaniasis on Mental Health and Psychosocial Well-being: A Systematic Review

Pires

Wright

Kaye

et al. 2019

Preprint

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19Background: Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical parasitic disease endemic in South 20 Asia, East Africa, South America and the Middle East. It is associated with low 21 socioeconomic status (SES) and responsible for considerable mortality and morbidity. 22Reports suggest that patients with leishmaniasis may have a higher risk of mental illness 23 (MI), psychosocial morbidity (PM) and reduced quality of life (QoL), but this is not 24 well characterised. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to assess 25 the reported impact of leishmaniasis on mental health and psychosocial wellbeing. 26Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out. Pre-specified criteria 27 were applied to identify publications including observational quantitative studies or 28 systematic reviews. Two reviewers screened all of the titles, abstracts and full-studies 29 and a third reviewer was consulted for disagreements. Data was extracted from papers 30 meeting the criteria and quality appraisal of the methods was performed using the 31 Newcastle-Ottowa Scale or the Risk of Bias in Systematic Review tool. 32Results: A total of 14 studies were identified from 12,517 records. Nine cross-sectional, 33 three case-control, one cohort study and one systematic review were included. Eleven 34 assessed MI outcomes and were measured with tools specifically designed for this; nine 35 measured PM and 12 measured QoL using validated measurement tools. Quality 36 appraisal of the studies showed that six were of good quality. Cutaneous leishmaniasis 37 and post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis showed evidence of associated MI and PM 38 including depression, anxiety and stigma, while all forms of disease showed decreased 39 QoL. The findings were used to inform a proposed model and conceptual framework to 40 show the possible links between leishmaniasis and mental health outcomes. 3 41 Conclusion: There is evidence that leishmaniasis has an impact on MI, PM or QoL of 42 patients and their families and this occurs in all the main subtypes of the disease. There 43 are however large gaps in the evidence. Further research is required to understand the 44 full extent of this problem and its mechanistic basis. 45 46 AUTHOR SUMMARY 47 Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease prevalent in many low-and middle-income countries 48 worldwide. In this study the authors looked for evidence as to whether leishmaniasis 49 affected the mental health and quality of life of patients. To conduct the review, a wide 50 search of the literature was conducted, where a total of 14 full articles were included 51 and analysed. It was found that different forms of leishmaniasis (visceral leishmaniasis, 52 cutaneous leishmaniasis and post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis) do cause a significant 53 impact on patients' mental health and quality of life through societal factors such as 54 stigma, lack of knowledge, culture and low self-esteem among others. However, no 55 evidence of biological mechanisms was found linking leishmaniasis to mental i...

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“…Five studies evaluated the burden of leishmaniasis (Mannocci et al, 2007;Meheus et al, 2013;Sarnoff et al, 2010;Sundar et al, 2010;Uranw et al, 2013), all of which were done by medical record review or surveys, with most reporting costs incurred by the household. In most cases, visceral leishmaniasis cases need to be hospitalized for the full duration of treatment.…”

Section: Leishmaniasismentioning

confidence: 99%