The economic consequences of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the United States

Ariza, Miguel A.; Vimalananda, Varsha G; Rosenzweig, James L.

doi:10.1007/s11154-010-9128-2

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…5,6 The economic costs of diabetes to society are enormous, and the personal costs to affected patients in the form of long-term complications can be severe, especially among patients from socially disadvantaged backgrounds. 7 Treatment of diabetes involves adopting and maintaining complex treatment regimens encompassing pharmacotherapy, changes in diet, and physical activity. For patients to be able to implement these regimens, knowledge, motivation, training, and ongoing support are required as they attempt to change longentrenched behaviors.…”

Section: Elf-management Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Behavior Support Intervention for Patients With Poorly Controlled Diabetes

Frosch

Uy²,

Ochoa³

et al. 2011

Arch Intern Med

112

177

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Section: Elf-management Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Behavior Support Intervention for Patients With Poorly Controlled Diabetes

Frosch

Uy²,

Ochoa³

et al. 2011

Arch Intern Med

112

177

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“…It is estimated that nearly one-third of American adults are living with CMS (4), w10% of American adults have diabetes (5), and one-third of Americans adults have preexisting CVD (6). Type 2 diabetes and CVD in the United States account for over $600 billion annually in health care costs (7,8), which has been estimated to increase nearly 25% for each additional risk factor associated with CMS (9). Therefore, the management and prevention of CMS is of utmost public health and economic importance (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy Components and Risk Factors for Cardiometabolic Syndrome: Recent Evidence and Opportunities for Future Research

Rice

Cifelli

Pikosky

et al. 2011

Advances in Nutrition

101

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Cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS), a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes, affects over one-third of American adults and accounts for billions of dollars in health care costs annually. Current evidence indicates an inverse association between consumption of dairy foods and risk of CMS and its related disease outcomes. Although the specific mechanism(s) underlying the beneficial effects of dairy consumption on the development of CMS, CVD, and type 2 diabetes have not been fully elucidated, there is evidence that specific components within dairy such as milkfat, vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and whey proteins may be individually or collectively involved. Specifically, each of these dairy components has been implicated as having a neutral or beneficial effect on one or more elements of CMS, including the serum lipid profile, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and body composition. Although several mechanisms have been identified by which components in dairy may beneficially affect symptoms associated with CMS, further research is required to better understand how dairy and its components may contribute to metabolic health. The purpose of this review is to present the mechanisms by which specific dairy components modulate risk factors for CMS and identify opportunities for future research.

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“…8,25 The top 5 diagnoses among patients with diabetes are congestive heart failure, coronary atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, nonspecific chest pain, and cardiac dysrhythmia-all of which are costly diseases to treat. 8,[27][28][29] In this study, the control populations reported higher occurrences of several diseases associated with higher costs, including hypertension, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, although the diabetes and control cohorts were matched on numerous characteristics. [30][31][32][33][34] However, patients with diabetes incurred higher costs overall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

The Burden of Diabetes Mellitus for Medicare Beneficiaries

Costantino¹,

Stacy

Song³

et al. 2014

Population Health Management

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The objective was to estimate health care costs and utilization for Medicare beneficiaries with type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 (T2DM) diabetes and their respective matched control cohorts. A retrospective claims cohort analysis was used to assess direct health care cost and utilization of health services in 2009 for patients aged 65-89 who were enrolled in a Medicare Advantage Plus prescription drug plan. Patients were matched 1:1 with patients without diabetes. All-cause health care costs for 2009 were calculated as the sum of all medical and pharmacy claims. The analysis included 6562 patients with T1DM and an equal number of matched controls, and 194,775 patients with T2DM and an equal number of matched controls. There were no significant demographic differences between cohorts for matched variables. Patients with T2DM had significantly higher mean Deyo/Charlson Comorbidity Index scores compared with their controls (2.47 versus 0.77; P<0.001), although all groups reported a high rate of costly comorbidities such as hypertension and heart disease. Mean all-cause health care costs per patient per year were significantly higher for patients with T1DM and T2DM versus controls for inpatient hospitalizations; outpatient, office, and emergency room visits; pharmacy expenditures; and total health care costs for 2009 (T1DM group: $20,701±$30,201; T1DM-matched control group: $6,537±$10,441; T2DM group: $10,437±$18,518; T2DM-matched control group: $6,505±$11,140). Diabetes escalates health care costs for Medicare Advantage Plus patients compared with patients in the same plan without diabetes, regardless of comorbidities.

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The economic consequences of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the United States

Cited by 37 publications

References 119 publications

Evaluation of a Behavior Support Intervention for Patients With Poorly Controlled Diabetes

Evaluation of a Behavior Support Intervention for Patients With Poorly Controlled Diabetes

Dairy Components and Risk Factors for Cardiometabolic Syndrome: Recent Evidence and Opportunities for Future Research

The Burden of Diabetes Mellitus for Medicare Beneficiaries

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