The economic consequences of divorce in six <scp>OECD</scp> countries

Vaus, David de; Gray, Matthew; Qu, Lixia; Stanton, David

doi:10.1002/ajs4.13

Cited by 89 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These associations have tangible costs, and alcohol‐related mortality is higher among divorcees compared to their married counterparts . Identifying risk factors that predispose individuals to both AUD and divorce may inform avenues for prevention for these socially and personally costly behaviors . The goal of the present study was to clarify the nature and magnitude of the association between alcohol use disorder and divorce in a Swedish national sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Alcohol use disorder and divorce: evidence for a genetic correlation in a population‐based Swedish sample

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims We tested the association between alcohol use disorder (AUD) and divorce; estimated the genetic and environmental influences on divorce; estimated how much genetic and environmental influences accounted for covariance between AUD and divorce; and estimated latent genetic and environmental correlations between AUD and divorce. We tested sex differences in these effects. Design We identified twin and sibling pairs with AUD and divorce information in Swedish national registers. We described the association between AUD and divorce using tetrachorics; and used twin and sibling models to estimate genetic and environmental influences on divorce, on the covariance between AUD and divorce, and the latent genetic and environmental correlations between AUD and divorce. Setting Sweden. Participants 670,836 individuals (53% male) born 1940–1965. Measurements Lifetime measures of AUD and divorce. Findings AUD and divorce were strongly related (estimates [95% CIs]: males: rtet = +0.44 [0.43, 0.45]; females rtet = +0.37 [0.36, 0.38]). Genetic factors accounted for a modest proportion of the variance in divorce (males: 21.3% [7.6, 28.5]; females: 31.0% [18.8, 37.1]). Genetic factors accounted for most of the covariance between AUD and divorce (males: 52.0% [48.8, 67.9]; females: 53.74% [17.6, 54.5]), followed by nonshared environmental factors (males: 45.0% [37.5, 54.9]; females: 41.6% [40.3, 60.2]). Shared environmental factors accounted for a negligible proportion of the covariance (males: 3.0% [−3.0, 13.5]; females: 4.75%, [0.0, 6.6].) The AUD-divorce genetic correlations were high (males: rA = +0.76 [0.53, 0.90]; females +0.52 [0.24, 0.67]). The nonshared environmental correlations were modest (males: rE = +0.32 [0.31, 0.40]; females: +0.27 [0.27, 0.36]). Conclusions Divorce and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are strongly correlated in the Swedish population, and the heritability of divorce is consistent with previous studies. Covariation between AUD and divorce results from overlapping genetic and nonshared environmental factors. Latent genetic and nonshared environmental correlations for AUD and divorce are high and moderate.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Alcohol use disorder and divorce: evidence for a genetic correlation in a population‐based Swedish sample

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Women are encouraged to reduce their employment rates or stop any work activity after marriage or motherhood, leading to poorer financial and social resources. Thus, in Switzerland and other conservative societies, the re-partnering rate is higher than in other countries, such as the USA or Germany [25], since being divorced may come with greater financial and social challenges. Finding a new partner may be an essential part of overcoming the divorce, as it can protect against social loneliness [4] but also against financial and societal strains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Loneliness after Divorce: Time-Dependent Differential Benefits of Personality, Multiple Important Group Memberships, and Self-Continuity

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Critical events in the second half of life, such as divorce, pose a significant threat to well-being. Individuals undergoing divorce often experience feelings of social loneliness and may benefit differently from available resources depending on how much time has passed since the event. Personality traits have been found to be related to adaptation, with particularly strong effects immediately after the critical event. Other resources, such as identity-stabilizing mechanisms (i.e., valued social groups and self-continuity), may play a role only later in adaptation. However, little is known about the benefits of these resources and their potentially time-dependent effects on social loneliness when one is overcoming later-life divorce. Objectives: This study investigates the role of psychological (e.g., personality, self-continuity, multiple important group memberships) and social resources (e.g., new partner, having someone to help deal with divorce) for social loneliness in two post-divorce phases, using a married group as the reference, controlling for sociodemographic aspects and health. Methods: A representative sample of 850 divorced (aged 40–79 years) and 869 married individuals (aged 40–78 years) living in Switzerland were compared, using multiple regression analyses. Results: Differential predictive patterns for social loneliness between the two divorced groups and the married group were observed. For the short-term divorced (up to 2 years after divorce), higher extroversion and agreeableness and lower neuroticism were associated with lower levels of loneliness. For the long-term divorced (2–5 years after divorce) and for those who remained married, extroversion was similarly important for loneliness. Additionally, higher levels of self-continuity and multiple group memberships predicted lower loneliness, but the short-term divorced did not benefit from them. Having someone to help overcome the divorce benefited members of both divorced groups. A new partner was related to less loneliness, but only in the long-term divorced group. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that the effects of psychological and social resources on social loneliness vary by adaptation phase. Although extroversion is beneficial for all divorced and married individuals, other personality traits play a more decisive role in the initial adaptation phase. Identity-promoting resources (i.e., multiple group memberships, perceived self-continuity) are beneficial only later in the adaptation process. To be successful, professional interventions must be tailored as needed.

show abstract

“…In understanding better the nature of the causal association between divorce and AUD, we hope to inform avenues for prevention or intervention for AUD and problem drinking more broadly (18;19). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Divorce and the Onset of Alcohol Use Disorder: A Swedish Population-Based Longitudinal Cohort and Co-Relative Study

Kendler

Lönn²,

Salvatore

et al. 2017

AJP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective-To clarify the magnitude and nature of the relationship between divorce and risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD).Method-In a population-based Swedish sample of married individuals (n=942,366), we examined the association between divorce or widowhood and risk for first registration for AUD. AUD was assessed using medical, criminal and pharmacy registries.Results-Divorce was strongly associated with risk for first AUD onset in both men (HR=5.98, 95% CI,). We estimated the HR for AUD onset given divorce in discordant monozygotic twins to equal 3.45 and 3.62 in men and women, respectively. Divorce was also associated with an AUD recurrence in those with AUD registrations before marriage. Furthermore, widowhood increased risk for AUD in men (HR=3.85, 2.81-5.28) and women (HR=4.10, 2.98-5.64). Among divorced individuals, remarriage was associated with a large decline in AUD in both sexes: males 0.56, 0.62-0.64 and females 0.61, 0.55-0.69. Divorce produced a greater increase in first AUD onset in those with a family history of AUD or with prior externalizing behaviors.Conclusions-Spousal loss through divorce or bereavement is associated with a large enduring increased AUD risk. This association likely reflects both causal and non-causal processes. That the AUD status of the spouse alters this association highlights the importance of spouse characteristics for the behavioral health consequences of spousal loss. The pronounced elevation in AUD risk HHS Public AccessAuthor manuscript Am J Psychiatry. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 November 01. Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author Manuscript following divorce or widowhood, and the protective effect of remarriage against subsequent AUD, speaks to the profound impact of marriage on problematic alcohol use.In epidemiological samples, divorce is consistently associated with levels of alcohol consumption and risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) (1-3). Divorced individuals consume more alcohol (4) and in more harmful patterns (5) than married individuals. Compared to married individuals, divorcees are more likely to have a lifetime or last-year AUD diagnosis (1), to engage in alcohol-related risky behaviors (5), and to have higher alcohol-related mortality (6).However, the causes of the divorce-AUD association are likely complex and remain poorly understood. The association could result from confounding factors including social class, genetic liability, and personality traits which predispose to both AUD (1;7;8) and divorce (9)(10)(11). This association could also arise from a causal pathway from AUD -> divorce as suggested by longitudinal studies showing that heavy drinking individuals have an increased risk for divorce (12;13). Finally, a range of prior evidence suggests a causal divorce -> AUD pathway. For example, marriage is associated with a many benefits including spousal monitoring and moderating of one another's health-related behaviors (14). Divorce prospectively predicts increases in drinking (4;15;16). A recent Swedi...

show abstract

The economic consequences of divorce in six OECD countries

Cited by 89 publications

References 14 publications

Alcohol use disorder and divorce: evidence for a genetic correlation in a population‐based Swedish sample

Alcohol use disorder and divorce: evidence for a genetic correlation in a population‐based Swedish sample

Social Loneliness after Divorce: Time-Dependent Differential Benefits of Personality, Multiple Important Group Memberships, and Self-Continuity

Divorce and the Onset of Alcohol Use Disorder: A Swedish Population-Based Longitudinal Cohort and Co-Relative Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About