The economic costs of heroin addiction in the United States

Mark, Tami L.

doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(00)00162-9

Cited by 242 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Since no specific International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes exist for these infections, tracking their health care utilization is difficult, and they have not been included in estimations of the medical costs of drug abuse. 4,24 Further research is necessary to define regional and national patterns of injection drug use-related soft tissue infections and their costs, as well as to determine the most effective prevention and treatment strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Members of this population are at risk for a variety of medical problems that, when coupled with relatively poor access to medical care, lead to substantial morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditure. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Soft tissue infections (abscesses, infected ulcers, and cellulitides) are some of the most common medical complications of injection drug use. A study conducted in San Francisco, California, in 1997 found that 32% of injection drug users (IDUs) in the community had abscesses, cellulitides, or both based on exam, 9 whereas 16% of injection drug users in Baltimore, Maryland, reported having an abscess within a 6-month period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Type and Location of Injection Drug Use-Related Soft Tissue Infections Predict Hospitalization

Takahashi

Merrill

Boyko

et al. 2003

Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type and Location of Injection Drug Use-Related Soft Tissue Infections Predict Hospitalization

Takahashi

Merrill

Boyko

et al. 2003

Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine

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“…The delivery of effective treatment services is a critical means for addressing the high social, medical, and economic costs of substance abuse (Mark et al, 2001;Rosenheck and Kosten, 2001). Although effective and promising substance abuse treatment medications have been developed and are available in the US (Anton, 2001), there is ample evidence that the rate of adoption of these medications by American treatment organizations has been slow .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The adoption of medications in substance abuse treatment: Associations with organizational characteristics and technology clusters

Knudsen

Ducharme

Roman

2007

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

124

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Despite growing interest in closing the "research to practice gap," there are few data on the availability of medications in American substance abuse treatment settings. Recent research suggests that organizational characteristics may be associated with medication availability. It is unclear if the availability of medications can be conceptualized in terms of "technology clusters," where the availability of a medication is positively associated with the likelihood that other medications are also offered. Using data from 403 privately funded and 363 publicly funded specialty substance abuse treatment centers in the US, this research models the availability of agonist medications, naltrexone, disulfiram, and SSRIs. Bivariate logistic regression models indicated considerable variation in adoption across publicly funded non-profit, government-owned, privately funded non-profit, and forprofit treatment centers. Some of these differences were attenuated by organizational characteristics, such as accreditation, the presence of staff physicians, and the availability of detoxification services. There was some evidence that naltrexone, disulfiram, and SSRIs represent a group of less intensely regulated medications that is distinct from more intensely regulated medications. These types of medications were associated with somewhat different correlates. Future research should continue to investigate the similarities and differences in the predictors of medication availability across national contexts.

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“…Heroin abuse 1 produces substantial costs at a macroeconomic level (Healey et al, 1998; Mark, Woody, Juday, and Kleber, 2001); however, comparatively little is known about heroin users’ income-generating behaviors and purchasing at a microeconomic level. In the few extant studies, criminal behavior is often examined as an income generator (Brown and Silverman, 1974; Silverman and Spruill, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Economic Analysis of Income and Expenditures by Heroin-Using Research Volunteers

Roddy

Greenwald

2009

Substance Use & Misuse

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At a Detroit research program from 2004 to 2005, out-of-treatment chronic daily heroin users (N = 100) were interviewed to evaluate relationships between past 30-day income and factors influencing heroin price, expenditures, and consumption. Weekly heroin purchasing frequency was positively related to income and number of suppliers, and negatively related to time cost (min) from primary supplier. Daily heroin consumption was positively related to income and injection heroin use, and negatively related to unit cost of heroin. Implications and limitations are noted. Simulations are underway to assess within-subject changes in drug demand. Supported by NIH/NIDA R01 DA15462 and Joe Young, Sr. Funds (State of Michigan).

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The economic costs of heroin addiction in the United States

Cited by 242 publications

References 22 publications

Type and Location of Injection Drug Use-Related Soft Tissue Infections Predict Hospitalization

Type and Location of Injection Drug Use-Related Soft Tissue Infections Predict Hospitalization

The adoption of medications in substance abuse treatment: Associations with organizational characteristics and technology clusters

An Economic Analysis of Income and Expenditures by Heroin-Using Research Volunteers

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