The Economic Costs of Schizophrenia

Andrews, Gavin; Hall, Wayne; Goldstein, G.; Lapsley, Helen; Bartels, Robert; Silove, Derrick

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790290015001

Cited by 128 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Our review includes 14 cost-of-illness-studies. 1,66,[82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93] Most of these studies try to determine the total costs of mental illnesses for society, including productivity losses caused by absenteeism and early retirement. However the studies of Braddock 83 and Hu and Jerell 125 looked at mental illnesses in general, comparing them with costs of mental retardation 83 or analysing the costs-ofillness by ethnicity.…”

Section: Nature Of Economic Appraisalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Evaluation of Mental Health Care Interventions. A Review

Evers¹,

Wijk

Ament³

1997

Health Econ.

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Due to rising costs, the economic aspects of the mental health care sector are receiving increasing attention. This article scrutinizes 91 published studies in the field of mental health care, applying methodological criteria drawn from epidemiology and economics. The purpose of this study is to provide some insight into the quality of economic evaluation in the field of mental health care. The article shows that few good full economic evaluations studies have been undertaken in the domain of mental health care. One reason for this could be that the measurement of effectiveness in mental health care is complicated because of the known difficulties with the reliability of psychiatric diagnosis and the lack of consensus about the etiology and appropriate treatment for many psychiatric illnesses.

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Section: Nature Of Economic Appraisalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Evaluation of Mental Health Care Interventions. A Review

Evers¹,

Wijk

Ament³

1997

Health Econ.

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“…Direct costs, which are most easily calculated, were estimated as £ 1,670 per year in the U.K., representing 1.6% of the total health and personal social expenditure in that country in 1987 14 . In Australia, the cost per new case was calculated as being U.S.$ 131,333, and the total direct costs reached as much as half the amount spent on myocardial infarction 4 . There is a lack of information about the burden schizophrenia represents to society in developing countries, but extrapolations from incidence rates and demographic trends suggest that the number of cases under care in these countries will grow by 87% from 1975 to the year 2000 28 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The social adjustment of patients with schizophrenia: implications to the mental health policy in Brazil

Menezes¹,

Mann²

1993

Rev. Saúde Pública

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A sample (n=124) of schizophrenic patients from a defined catchment area of the city os S.Paulo, Brazil, who had been consecutively admitted to hospital, was assessed for psychopathological status and social adjustment levels. Sociodemographic, socio-economic and occupational characteristics were recorded: almost 30% of the subjects had no occupation and received no social benefit, more than two-thirds had a monthly per capita income of US$ 100.00 or less. Sixty-five percent presented with Schneiderian firstrank symptoms. Nearly half the sample showed poor or very poor social adjustment in the month prior to admission. The most affected areas of social functioning were participation in the household activities, work and social withdrawal. The current mental health policy of promoting extra-mural care as an alternative to the previous hospital-based model will then mean the investment in a network of new community-based services, that give effective treatment and support to patients and their families. The need of further research into the current picture of mental disorders in the country is stressed.

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“…It is common and prevalence estimates vary between 20% and 30%.9 It is expensive, as 40% of sickness absence can be attributed to psychiatric morbidity'2 13 resulting in an overall cost of 16 billion per year in the UK (1985 prices). 14 Thus neurotic symptoms result in costs three to four times those of schizophrenia,'5 16 and probably lead to more lost production than cardiovascular disease because they affect a younger age group. Psychiatric morbidity also leads to the use of health services.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional differences in mental health in Great Britain.

Lewis¹,

Booth²

1992

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

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Study objective-The aim was to study the pattern and magnitude of regional differences in psychiatric morbidity and compare these with regional differences in all cause mortality.Design-The study was a secondary analysis of data from a cross sectional survey. The main outcome was the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity. This was assessed using the general health questionnaire, a self administered measure of neurotic symptoms.Setting-England, Wales and Scotland. Participants-9003 adults were selected from the electoral register.Main results-The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity was 31% with a statistically significant difference between the regions (p = 0006). All four northern regions of England had a higher prevalence of psychiatric morbidity than the four southern regions. These differences were comparable in size to the regional differences in all cause mortality. Scotland had low psychiatric morbidity but high all cause mortality while Greater London had high psychiatric morbidity but low mortality. Regional variation in psychiatric morbidity was less marked within social classes I The present study was designed to examine the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity measured using the GHQ, and to study differences in mental health between the British regions. The results were then compared with regional all cause mortality. Finally, explanatory factors for the regional differences in the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity were explored. MethodsThe study used data collected in the health and lifestyle survey between 1984 and July 1985, and details of the method have already been described.'8 The study population was selected using a three stage design. Within standard regions of England, Wales, and Scotland parliamentary constituencies were allocated to one of three population density bands, and 198 constituencies were then selected with probability proportional to the size of the electorate. Two wards were selected from each, again with probability proportional to the electorate. In each household one individual aged 18 years or over was selected from all those resident, using random numbers. A total of 12 254 addressess provided interviews with 9003 individuals.Information was collected at two home visits and on the second visit the respondents were given the 30 item GHQ and asked to complete and return it to the survey organisation.

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The Economic Costs of Schizophrenia

Abstract: and indirect costs associated with schizophrenia in Australia were calculated using the incidence approach and compared with similar costings of myocardial infarction in Australia and the United States. In Australia schizophrenia affects one-twelfth as many people as does myocardial infarc

Cited by 128 publications

References 16 publications

Economic Evaluation of Mental Health Care Interventions. A Review

Economic Evaluation of Mental Health Care Interventions. A Review

The social adjustment of patients with schizophrenia: implications to the mental health policy in Brazil

Regional differences in mental health in Great Britain.

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