1986
DOI: 10.2307/3349924
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The Economic Costs of the Health Effects of Smoking, 1984

Abstract: The impact of cigarette smoking on morbidity and mortality in the United States is well known. Economic consequences of these health effects--expenditures for medical care and the value of productive output lost--have been estimated in many ways. This original prevalence-based analysis of attributable risks indicates a staggering $54 billion cost to the nation. Concern over such misallocation of resources to harmful uses is demonstrably justified.

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Cited by 173 publications
(120 citation statements)
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“…6 of possible medical interventions increase health care costs and impose an ever greater burden on national and state budgets, thus hindering the effectiveness of cost-containment efforts. 13 Second, the demand for health care, and the equity for resource allocation are greater and more diverse than ever before, especially in middle-income countries. 12, * Further, the burden of smoking-related illness is expected to increase the demand for costly treatment alternatives, which will compete with other demands for scarce resources.…”
Section: Descritores: Tabagismo Epidemiologia Tabagismo Tendênciasmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…6 of possible medical interventions increase health care costs and impose an ever greater burden on national and state budgets, thus hindering the effectiveness of cost-containment efforts. 13 Second, the demand for health care, and the equity for resource allocation are greater and more diverse than ever before, especially in middle-income countries. 12, * Further, the burden of smoking-related illness is expected to increase the demand for costly treatment alternatives, which will compete with other demands for scarce resources.…”
Section: Descritores: Tabagismo Epidemiologia Tabagismo Tendênciasmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Several national SAM estimates have been reported, including 270,000 deaths for 1980 (Rice et al 1986) (CDC 1993), an annual average of 430,700 deaths for -1994(CDC 1997, and an annual average of 442,398 deaths for 1995-1999(CDC 2002a. Rice and colleagues (1986) used the PAR calculation to estimate national SAM as well as morbidity and economic costs.…”
Section: Review Of Previous Estimatesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Numerous cohort studies provide RR estimates for smoking-related diseases and mortality (Pearl 1938;Hammond and Horn 1954;Kahn 1966;Doll and Peto 1976;Garfinkel 1980a,b;Rice et al 1986; Lew and Garfinkel 1988;USDHHS 1989a;Doll et al 1994;Thun et al 1997a). These studies are extensively described in several publications, including Monograph 8 of the Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph Series published by the National Cancer Institute (NCI 1997).…”
Section: Key Data Sets Used To Estimate Smoking Attributable Mortalitmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Researchers have tried to estimate the economic costs of cigarette smoking by using data from the United States (Rice et al 1986;Manning et al 1989Manning et al , 1991Hodgson 1992;CDC 1994;U.S. House of Representa tives 1994;Miller et al 1998Miller et al , 1999 and elsewhere (see Lightwood et al, in press, for a comprehensive review).…”
Section: Estimates Of the Costs Of Smokingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Because of the long lags between smoking initiation and the onset of most smoking-related illnesses, these estimates reflect his torical trends in smoking and thus cannot be used to predict the impact of changes in smoking prevention policies except over long periods. However, this ap proach has been widely used because of its relatively simple methodology and the availability of reliable data (Rice et al 1986). …”
Section: Estimates Of the Costs Of Smokingmentioning
confidence: 99%