The Economic Status of Rural America in the President Trump Era and beyond

Goetz, Stephan J.; Partridge, Mark D.; Stephens, Heather

doi:10.1093/aepp/ppx061

Cited by 64 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…Some communities disappear and others thrive if located close to urban growth centers, but many survive and decline in size and prosperity, leading to persistent structural inequality. Goetz, Partridge, and Stephens (2018) discuss this issue for the United States, but the same pattern is evident around the world. Some nations or regions compound their rural poverty problem with discrimination against certain ethnic or social groups, and poverty is often most persistent in areas of geographic and technological isolation.…”

Section: Issues In Need Of Added Researchmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Education may help reduce gullibility to misinformation and facilitate adjustments to disequilibria resulting from technological and institutional changes (Schultz 1975). Adequately funded, compensation and retraining schemes for people who have experienced place-based losses could ease some burdens of economic transition, as could policies that encourage growth of homegrown business enterprises in rural areas (Goetz, Partridge, and Stephens 2018).…”

Section: Institutional Changes Related To Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Lessons from a Career in Agricultural Development and Research Evaluation

Norton¹

2020

Applied Eco Perspectives Pol

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Lessons are presented from a career in evaluating impacts of agricultural technologies and institutions, with a major focus on pest management in developing countries. Agricultural productivity growth is fundamental to economic transformation and development, driven largely by technological and institutional changes. The latter are induced by changes in relative prices and are affected by transactions costs and collective action with implications for efficiency and poverty. Agricultural development leads to changes in farm structure and to many of the most educated existing rural communities. Institutional changes are needed to encourage rural investment and compensate those caught in place-based poverty. Poverty is exacerbated by effects of climate change and pest problems with significant implications for the agenda of agricultural economists.

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Section: Issues In Need Of Added Researchmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Institutional Changes Related To Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons from a Career in Agricultural Development and Research Evaluation

Norton¹

2020

Applied Eco Perspectives Pol

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“…If the most successful rural areas are consistently recategorized as urban, and if measures of rural welfare are captured with regard to the rural/urban categorizations in a given year, rural poverty would appear to plateau or decline more slowly than if the rural/urban categorizations over space were frozen at the baseline year. In other words, it is by definition that measures of rural welfare would remain more or less unchanged ( Goetz et al, 2018 ; Van Dam, 2019 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Definitions of “rural” and “urban” and understandings of economic transformation: Evidence from Tanzania

Wineman

Alia

Anderson

2020

Journal of Rural Studies

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Designing effective policies for economic development often entails categorizing populations by their rural or urban status. Yet there exists no universal definition of what constitutes an “urban” area, and countries alternately apply criteria related to settlement size, population density, or economic advancement. In this study, we explore the implications of applying different urban definitions, focusing on Tanzania for illustrative purposes. Toward this end, we refer to nationally representative household survey data from Tanzania, collected in 2008 and 2014, and categorize households as urban or rural using seven distinct definitions. These are based on official administrative categorizations, population densities, daytime and nighttime satellite imagery, local economic characteristics, and subjective assessments of Google Earth images. These definitions are then applied in some common analyses of demographic and economic change. We find that these urban definitions produce different levels of urbanization. Thus, Tanzania's urban population share based on administrative designations was 28% in 2014, though this varies from 12% to 39% with alternative urban definitions. Some indicators of economic development, such as the level of rural poverty or the rate of rural electrification, also shift markedly when measured with different urban definitions. The periodic (official) recategorization of places as rural or urban, as occurs with the decennial census, results in a slower rate of rural poverty decline than would be measured with time-constant boundaries delimiting rural Tanzania. Because the outcomes of analysis are sensitive to the urban definitions used, policy makers should give attention to the definitions that underpin any statistics used in their decision making.

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“…The 2016 US presidential election brought national visibility to prominent economic issues affecting rural communities, including persistent poverty, limited job growth, and a slow economic recovery from the Great Recession of 2007 to 2009. [1][2][3] Although economic issues and national security have historically been identified by the public as the most serious problems facing the nation, 4 US adults often have different views about serious problems facing their local communities. To our knowledge, no prior studies have recently addressed US rural public opinion on serious health and economic issues facing their communities, including opioid addiction, health care costs, and the government's role in solving major problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Views of Rural US Adults About Health and Economic Concerns

et al. 2020

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IMPORTANCE The 2016 US presidential election brought national visibility to prominent economic issues affecting rural America, yet little has been done to examine serious health or economic problems in rural communities from the perspectives of rural US adults themselves. OBJECTIVETo examine views on the most serious health and economic concerns and potential solutions in rural communities. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This survey study used 2 cross-sectional probability-based telephone (cellular and landline) surveys of adults living in the rural United States. The first survey was conducted June 6 to August 4, 2018, and the second survey was conducted January 31 to March 2, 2019. All results were weighted to be nationally representative of rural US adults. Data analysis was conducted in April 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe primary study outcomes were the prevalence of rural adults reporting their biggest community problems, problems with health care access and costs, ratings of the local economy, views on opioid addiction, and views on solving major community issues. RESULTSThe 2018 survey included 1300 respondents (response rate, 12%; completion rate, 70%), and the 2019 survey included 1405 respondents (response rate, 8%; completion rate, 76%). Rural adults primarily identified as non-Hispanic white (78%), and more than half of respondents were 50 years or older (survey 1: 55%, survey 2: 53%). Rural adults identified opioid or other drug addiction or abuse (25%; 95% CI, 22%-28%) and economic concerns (21%; 95% CI, 19%-24%) as the most serious problems facing their local communities. Opioid or other drug addiction or abuse was reported as a serious problem in their local community by 57% (95% CI, 53%-60%) of rural adults, while 49% (95% CI, 46%-53%) of rural adults said they personally know someone who has had opioid addiction. Problems paying medical bills were reported by 32% (95% CI, 29%-36%) of rural adults, and recent issues with accessing health care were reported by 26% (95% CI, 23%-30%) of rural adults. Regarding financial and economic issues, 55% (95% CI, 52%-59%) of rural adults rated their local economy as only fair or poor, and 49% (95% CI, 44%-54%) of rural adults said they would have difficulty paying off an unexpected $1000 expense. On solving major community problems, 58% (95% CI, 54%-62%) of rural adults saw a need for outside help to solve major community problems, and among those who reported needing outside help, 61% (95% CI, 57%-66%) identified a major role for government. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEThese findings suggest that in today's economically stretched rural United States, opioid or other drug addiction or abuse has emerged as an equal problem with economic concerns. One in 3 rural adults still have problems paying their medical bills even after the passage and implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Although rural (continued) Key Points Question What are rural US adults' views on serious health and economic concerns facing their communities? Findin...

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The Economic Status of Rural America in the President Trump Era and beyond

Cited by 64 publications

References 61 publications

Lessons from a Career in Agricultural Development and Research Evaluation

Lessons from a Career in Agricultural Development and Research Evaluation

Definitions of “rural” and “urban” and understandings of economic transformation: Evidence from Tanzania

Views of Rural US Adults About Health and Economic Concerns

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