The Economic Value Of Informal Caregiving

Arno, Peter S.; Levine, Carol; Memmott, Margaret M.

doi:10.1377/hlthaff.18.2.182

Cited by 554 publications

(337 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

317

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Finally, the fifth hypothesis clearly confirms, both at the 6 month visit as well as at 12 months, that the number of hours for care and supervision of the patient spent by the primary caregiver, family, friends and neighbors, is the variable with the highest predictive value for total cost, which is congruent with previously published data [18][19][20][21]52,53]. This is sensitive to the cost per hour attributed in the analysis and depending on the own patient and family earnings as could be observed in the sensitivity analysis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prospective One-Year Cost-of-Illness Study in a Cohort of Patients with Dementia of Alzheimer's Disease Type in Spain: The ECO Study

Coduras

Rabasa

Frank

et al. 2010

JAD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. In this study, we analyzed the economic impact of one-year healthcare and non-healthcare resources utilization by patients with dementia of Alzheimer's disease (AD) under usual medical practice in Spain. A one-year, prospective, naturalistic, multicenter cohort study was designed to recruit patients with mild, moderate to severe, and severe AD according to Clinical Dementia Rating scale: the ECO study. Healthcare resources (medical visits, drugs and concomitant treatments, complementary and diagnostic tests, institutionalization and use of home-nursing facilities) and non-healthcare resources (inventory materials, consumables, professional and non-professional caregivers' time for care and supervision) were recorded and valued at 2006 prices. A total of 560 patients with possible/probable AD by DSM-IV-NINCDS-ADRDA criteria were included in the study: 68% women, 77 ± 6 years old, 29% treatment naïve. Monthly average cost per patient was 1,425.73, and increased 10.08% at the end of the study (baseline monthly cost; 1,316.22). Non-healthcare costs ( 1059.00, 74.30% of total cost) decreased 4.30/month (0.40%) at the end of the year, while healthcare costs, which presented a total average of 366.66, grew by 136.94 in the period (54.06%), mainly due to cost of drugs, nursing home utilization, and institutionalization. The 87.26% of the overall cost ( 1,244.22) was not financed by National Health Service (NHS), and the majority of this cost corresponded to caregiver-associated cost. The caregiver's total burden represented 70.86% of the overall cost-of-illness. In conclusion, monthly overall mean cost of dementia of AD type was high in Spain ( 1,412.73). Almost 88% of the cost-of-illness is funded by the patient's own family, adding a financial burden to the suffering of these families.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…This also occurs with the cost of this disease in other developed economies such as the US [53] or the United Kingdom [54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prospective One-Year Cost-of-Illness Study in a Cohort of Patients with Dementia of Alzheimer's Disease Type in Spain: The ECO Study

Coduras

Rabasa

Frank

et al. 2010

JAD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…9,12,33,34 In a recent national survey conducted in the general population by the National Alliance for Caregiving and the American Association for Retired Persons, estimates of time spent providing informal care ranged from 13.3 hours per week for frail elderly to 31.8 hours per week for cancer patients, and 29.9 hours per week for individuals with dementia. 33 Because the majority of cancer survivors are neither newly diagnosed nor at the end of life, 1 the periods requiring the most intensive care, a general population sample will also identify more caregivers of patients in the long-term survivorship phase, the period requiring the least intensive care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time costs associated with informal caregiving for cancer survivors

Yabroff¹,

Kim²

2009

Cancer

262

216

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND:To the authors' knowledge, little work has been done to estimate the time costs associated with informal caregiving for cancer survivors.METHODS:Data from a national survey of caregivers of cancer patients in 2003 to 2006 were used to estimate the time associated with informal caregiving in the 2 years after patient diagnosis with bladder, breast, colorectal, kidney, lung, melanoma of the skin, ovarian, prostate, or uterine cancer, or non‐Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL). Caregivers reported the duration and daily intensity of caregiving as well as the types and frequency of support provided. The median wage rate in 2006 ($16.28) was used to value caregiver time, and other methods to value time were evaluated with sensitivity analyses.RESULTS:On average, caregivers provided care for 8.3 hours per day for 13.7 months. The number of months and daily hours spent caregiving were the highest for cancer survivors diagnosed with distant disease compared with survivors with regional or localized disease (P < .05). Approximately half of caregivers provided emotional, instrumental, tangible, or medical support, although the frequency varied dramatically. Informal caregiver time costs over the 2‐year period after diagnosis were the highest for caregivers of patients diagnosed with lung ($72,702; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $56,814‐$88,590) and ovarian ($66,210; 95% CI, $40,750‐$91,670) cancers and NHL ($59,613; 95% CI, $43,423‐$75,803) and the lowest for caregivers of patients with breast cancer ($38,334; 95% CI, $31,442‐$45,226).CONCLUSIONS:Time spent by informal caregivers was substantial and was an important component of the burden of cancer care. Incorporation of the value of informal caregiver time will be important when evaluating the costs and benefits of cancer control interventions. Cancer 2009;115(18 suppl):4362–73. © 2009 American Cancer Society.

show abstract

“…2,49,50 It will be important for future research to follow how these trends, and the public policy responses to them, affect the already significant effort expended by informal caregivers. 51 Especially salient is how the U.S. long-term care system will be organized and financed to meet the increasing needs of those with dementia and their families. 52 In the meantime, physicians caring for individuals with chronic disease should be aware of current public and private resources designed to provide information and support for caregivers, and make referrals to such programs when appropriate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Estimates of the Quantity and Cost of Informal Caregiving for the Elderly with Dementia*

et al. 2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE:Caring for the elderly with dementia imposes a substantial burden on family members and likely accounts for more than half of the total cost of dementia for those living in the community. However, most past estimates of this cost were derived from small, nonrepresentative samples. We sought to obtain nationally representative estimates of the time and associated cost of informal caregiving for the elderly with mild, moderate, and severe dementia. DESIGN:Multivariable regression models using data from the 1993 Asset and Health Dynamics Study, a nationally representative survey of people age 70 years or older (N = 7,443).SETTING: National population-based sample of the community-dwelling elderly. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Incremental weekly hours of informal caregiving and incremental cost of caregiver time for those with mild dementia, moderate dementia, and severe dementia, as compared to elderly individuals with normal cognition. Dementia severity was defined using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. R E S U L T S :A f te r a d j u s t i n g fo r s oc i o d e m o g r a p h i c s , comorbidities, and potential caregiving network, those with normal cognition received an average of 4.6 hours per week of informal care. Those with mild dementia received an additional 8.5 hours per week of informal care compared to those with normal cognition (P < .001), while those with moderate and severe dementia received an additional 17.4 and 41.5 hours (P < .001), respectively. The associated additional yearly cost of informal care per case was $3,630 for mild dementia, $7,420 for moderate dementia, and $17,700 for severe dementia. This represents a national annual cost of more than $18 billion. CONCLUSION:The quantity and associated economic cost of informal caregiving for the elderly with dementia are substantial and increase sharply as cognitive impairment worsens. Physicians caring for elderly individuals with dementia should be mindful of the importance of informal care for the well-being of their patients, as well as the potential for significant burden on those (often elderly) individuals providing the care.

show abstract

The Economic Value Of Informal Caregiving

Cited by 554 publications

References 10 publications

Prospective One-Year Cost-of-Illness Study in a Cohort of Patients with Dementia of Alzheimer's Disease Type in Spain: The ECO Study

Prospective One-Year Cost-of-Illness Study in a Cohort of Patients with Dementia of Alzheimer's Disease Type in Spain: The ECO Study

Time costs associated with informal caregiving for cancer survivors

National Estimates of the Quantity and Cost of Informal Caregiving for the Elderly with Dementia*

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About