The Economics of a Successful Raccoon Rabies Elimination Program on Long Island, New York

Elser, Julie L.; Bigler, Laura L.; Anderson, Aaron; Maki, Joanne; Lein, Donald H.; Shwiff, Stephanie A.

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005062

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Shwiff et al [ 143 ] reported that for every dollar spent on a raccoon rabies program in Quebec, Canada, costs of $0.96 to $1.55 were prevented. Economic research also supports the case for elimination; Elser et al [ 146 ] estimated that the successful raccoon rabies elimination program on Long Island, New York will financially benefit the state by $27 million by 2019. In the same study, the authors estimate that for every dollar spent on the program, $1.71 will be saved by 2019 [ 146 ].…”

Section: Looking Forward In Raccoon Rabies Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Economic research also supports the case for elimination; Elser et al [ 146 ] estimated that the successful raccoon rabies elimination program on Long Island, New York will financially benefit the state by $27 million by 2019. In the same study, the authors estimate that for every dollar spent on the program, $1.71 will be saved by 2019 [ 146 ]. A main driver of cost savings for New York is associated with reduced PEP and diagnostic testing of rabies suspect animals [ 146 ].…”

Section: Looking Forward In Raccoon Rabies Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the same study, the authors estimate that for every dollar spent on the program, $1.71 will be saved by 2019 [ 146 ]. A main driver of cost savings for New York is associated with reduced PEP and diagnostic testing of rabies suspect animals [ 146 ].…”

Section: Looking Forward In Raccoon Rabies Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Management and modeling approaches for controlling raccoon rabies: The road to elimination

et al. 2017

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Rabies is an ancient viral disease that significantly impacts human and animal health throughout the world. In the developing parts of the world, dog bites represent the highest risk of rabies infection to people, livestock, and other animals. However, in North America, where several rabies virus variants currently circulate in wildlife, human contact with the raccoon rabies variant leads to the highest per capita population administration of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) annually. Previous rabies variant elimination in raccoons (Canada), foxes (Europe), and dogs and coyotes (United States) demonstrates that elimination of the raccoon variant from the eastern US is feasible, given an understanding of rabies control costs and benefits and the availability of proper tools. Also critical is a cooperatively produced strategic plan that emphasizes collaborative rabies management among agencies and organizations at the landscape scale. Common management strategies, alone or as part of an integrated approach, include the following: oral rabies vaccination (ORV), trap-vaccinate-release (TVR), and local population reduction. As a complement, mathematical and statistical modeling approaches can guide intervention planning, such as through contact networks, circuit theory, individual-based modeling, and others, which can be used to better understand and predict rabies dynamics through simulated interactions among the host, virus, environment, and control strategy. Strategies derived from this ecological lens can then be optimized to produce a management plan that balances the ecological needs and program financial resources. This paper discusses the management and modeling strategies that are currently used, or have been used in the past, and provides a platform of options for consideration while developing raccoon rabies virus elimination strategies in the US.

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Section: Looking Forward In Raccoon Rabies Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Looking Forward In Raccoon Rabies Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Management and modeling approaches for controlling raccoon rabies: The road to elimination

et al. 2017

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“…Benefit-cost analyses (BCAs) or cost-benefit analyses (CBAs) are useful for measuring and comparing the economic efficiency of policy options. For example, Anderson et al (8) conducted a BCA to compare two options for controlling vampire bat rabies in Mexico, and Elser et al (18) conducted a retrospective BCA on a raccoon rabies elimination programme in New York State, USA. A general BCA decision framework for mitigation of disease spread at the wildlife-livestock interface has also been developed to identify, assemble, and measure the components vital to the biological and economic efficiencies of animal disease mitigation efforts (19).…”

Section: Types Of Economic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost–benefit analysis of controlling rabies: placing economics at the heart of rabies control to focus political will

Shwiff¹,

Elser²,

Ernst³

et al. 2018

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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Rabies is an economically important zoonosis. This paper describes the extent of the economic impacts of the disease and some of the types of economic analyses used to understand those impacts, as well as the trade-offs between efforts to manage rabies and efforts to eliminate it. In many cases, the elimination of rabies proves more cost-effective over time than the continual administration of postexposure prophylaxis, animal testing and animal vaccination. Economic analyses are used to inform and drive policy decisions and focus political will, placing economics at the heart of rabies control.

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“…Epidemiological studies conducted in western, southeastern, eastern, and northeastern areas of Iran show a fluctuating trend in animal bite over recent years [16,17]. In Western Europe and some Asian countries such as Singapore and Japan, mass vaccination of animals has dramatically controlled the disease in human and animal populations [18,19].…”

Section: Vol 6 Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Immune Responses following Intradermal and Intramuscular Rabies Vaccination Methods

Golahdooz

Eybpoosh

Bashar

et al. 2018

JoMMID

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INTRODUCTION Rabies is a zoonotic viral disease caused by a neurotropic virus. The virus has a non-segmented, singlestranded, negative-sense RNA genome and belongs to the genus Lyssavirus (Family: Rhabdoviridae) [1]. It is primarily transmitted to humans via the saliva of rabid animals after bite. Scratching or licking of mucous or wounds by rabid animals are the other routes of transmission [2, 3]. Unusual transmissions, such as solid organ transplantation and inhalation of contaminated aerosol (e.g., in bat-infested caves), have also been reported in some human rabies cases [3]. The disease is almost 100% fatal within two weeks following the appearance of clinical signs [4-6]. Annually, Rabies is responsible for 59000 human deaths, and over 3.7 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost. Children less than 15 years of age constitute almost 40% of exposures to suspected rabid animals [4]. Epidemiology. The rabies virus can infect humans, domestic, and wild animals, and has a significant impact on public health and the husbandry economy, especially in endemic regions [5-9]. The virus occurs across all parts of the world except Antarctica (Fig. 1) [10]. Approximately 20,000 human cases, which account for about one-third of annual rabies cases, occur in India, mostly through canine bites. Thus, in this country, the primary control measure has focused on the elimination of rabies in animals, mainly dogs [11]. A study in 2016, showed that rabies in many regions of China is still endemic and remains uncontrolled. In the northwest of China, rabies transmission to humans commonly occurs through the bite of stray dogs and foxes, and licensed vaccines for wildlife and large domestic animals are still required [12]. In Kazakhstan, despite mass animal vaccination, the disease is also endemic, causing substantial economic costs [13]. Sultanov et al. suggested that regular annual vaccination of domestic animals would be beneficial for the control of the disease [13]. In Ethiopia, where the canines are the primary vectors, about 2,700 annual human deaths occur due to rabies [13]. The annual cost of livestock loss due to rabies infection exceeds 50 million dollars in this country [14]. In Cambodia, Rabies has a high prevalence, especially in rural areas. Circulation of the virus among stray dogs in this country makes mass vaccination of these animals necessary [15]. Rabies is a zoonotic viral disease. The causative agent is a negative-sense RNA genome virus of the genus Lyssavirus (Family: Rhabdoviridae). The disease, commonly transmitted by rabid dogs, is the cause of mortality of over 59000 humans worldwide annually. This disease can be prevented before the development of symptoms through proper vaccination even after exposure. Hence, improvement of the vaccination schedule in the countries where rabies is endemic is essential. In addition to the type of vaccine, injection routes also contribute to enhanced immune responses and increased potency of the vaccines. The vaccines approved by the World Health Organization ...

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The Economics of a Successful Raccoon Rabies Elimination Program on Long Island, New York

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Management and modeling approaches for controlling raccoon rabies: The road to elimination

Management and modeling approaches for controlling raccoon rabies: The road to elimination

Cost–benefit analysis of controlling rabies: placing economics at the heart of rabies control to focus political will

Comparison of Immune Responses following Intradermal and Intramuscular Rabies Vaccination Methods

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