The Economics of Digital Transformation

Digital Twins and Enabling Technologies in Museums and Cultural Heritage: An Overview

“…From 16 papers, we have derived a short list of smart phone and smart watch built-in sensors : GPS, gyroscope, accelerometers, inclinometers and video cameras [ 21 , 33 ] are used in IoT [ 10 , 15 ]; digital identification RFID [ 25 , 26 , 36 ], indoor positioning and visitors’ motion tracking are used in DTs [ 18 , 30 , 37 , 40 ] and in the supervision of exhibits/products, and environmental sensing [ 25 , 31 , 32 , 39 , 42 ]. Motion tracking sensors are needed for monitoring device movement, such as tilt, shake and rotation (velocity).…”

“…Remote sensing is done by camera, laser, etc. from an aircraft or satellite [ 4 ] or from drones [ 10 , 15 , 43 ]. It measures emitted or reflected radiation (in agriculture [ 2 ]), realizes inertial localization [ 5 , 19 ] or generates point clouds [ 14 , 28 ].…”

“…This classification uses the following keywords in the corpus (and specifies the first and following references): Cameras [ 1 ]; Activity recognition [ 2 ]; Sensing in risk-informed DTs to diagnose damage size and location and other failure information [ 3 , 39 ]; Remote sensing [ 4 ], in agriculture [ 2 ] (measuring emitted or reflected radiation by satellite or aircraft); Sensors collect data on temperature, humidity, noise and people’s movement [ 4 , 18 ] to diagnose damage size and location and other failure information [ 4 ]; Satellite sensors gather data for inertial localization [ 5 ], sensing for point clouds [ 14 , 28 ]; Extended reality (XR) smart glasses [ 5 , 6 , 40 ]; 3D interaction techniques: glasses, gloves, hand/body trackers, helmet and external sensors [ 6 ], eye trackers [ 12 , 18 ]; Scanning: Laser [ 8 , 29 , 42 ]; Photogrammetry [ 9 , 14 , 24 , 38 , 40 ], CCD [ 9 ], drone sensing [ 10 , 15 , 43 ]; Embedded IoT-based sensors [ 10 ]; Sensors for ecosystems [ 11 ]; Multimodal sensory perception that handles speech, dialogue flow, gestures, shock, pressure [ 12 ]; Optical sensors [ 13 , 27 ], gloves (with optical sensors) [ …”

“…Based on a reference corpus resulting from a search for scientific publications in books, journals and conference papers on the keywords virtual museums , digital twins , emerging technologies and sensor in leading science databases [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ], we classify DTs according to their application areas, relevant technologies and concepts depending on type, focus and features, sensor technology used and adaptation or innovation power throughout their life cycle. Design, realization, operation and evolution are guided by experts, engineers, customers, curators, software engineers and visitors, all of whom define adequate quality criteria (QC) and metrics (QM) for DTs and ViMs V&VA.…”

“…In this review paper, we examine prominent science databases for occurrences of the terms virtual, museum, digital, twin, emerging, technologies, and sensor in journals, book chapters, conference papers and ePublications. Recent searches in Scopus, IEEEXplore, and Google Scholar with the search string “virtual AND museum AND digital AND twin AND emerging AND technologies AND sensor” yield 43 relevant publications [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ] from the last 13 years, 34 of which were in Scopus, 3 of which were excluded because the keywords were used in other meanings, such as “Siamese twins” (cf. Figure 1 and Figure A1 in the Appendix A ).…”