The Economics of Food Safety and Produce: The Case of Green Onions and Hepatitis A Outbreaks

Calvin, Linda; Avendano, Belem; Schwentesius, Rita

doi:10.1002/0470007761.ch10

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…In addition, a group of large growers took immediate action to develop an export protocol customized for green onions in collaboration with their government agencies. This upgrading effort clearly contributed to maintaining their access to the US market (27). † Despite its analytical merit, the distinction between safety and quality attributes is not clear-cut.…”

Section: Four Scenarios For Smallholder Access In Agrifood Marketsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global value chains and agrifood standards: Challenges and possibilities for smallholders in developing countries

Lee

Gereffi²,

Beauvais³

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

379

280

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The rise of private food standards has brought forth an ongoing debate about whether they work as a barrier for smallholders and hinder poverty reduction in developing countries. This paper uses a global value chain approach to explain the relationship between value chain structure and agrifood safety and quality standards and to discuss the challenges and possibilities this entails for the upgrading of smallholders. It maps four potential value chain scenarios depending on the degree of concentration in the markets for agrifood supply (farmers and manufacturers) and demand (supermarkets and other food retailers) and discusses the impact of lead firms and key intermediaries on smallholders in different chain situations. Each scenario is illustrated with case examples. Theoretical and policy issues are discussed, along with proposals for future research in terms of industry structure, private governance, and sustainable value chains.food safety | agrifood supply chain | value chain governance T he proliferation of food standards, particularly private safety and quality standards, has brought forth an ongoing debate about whether they work as a barrier for smallholders in developing countries and hinder poverty reduction through agrifood exports (1, 2). Although evidence is mixed (3, 4), the existing literature generally suffers from its exclusive focus on the relationship between private standards and smallholders with little consideration of industry structure, which may affect both of them. This paper uses a global value chain (GVC) approach to bring industrial structure back in the discussion of food standards and smallholders. It proposes a framework to investigate how value chain structure affects small-scale producers through the food standards imposed on them. Different value chain structures generate a welter of food standards and potentially divergent outcomes in the well-being of smallholders. Specifically, the type of lead firm and the degree of market concentration in a given chain differentiate the chain actor's incentives and capacity for adopting and implementing enhanced standards. Value chain structure and food standards shape the conditions of smallholders involved in the chain, offering them different options as they face growing burdens in complying with higher requirements. Based on the proposed framework, four scenarios are mapped for smallholders in diverse chain governance situations, and each of them is illustrated with case examples. Theoretical and policy issues emerging from the cases are evaluated, along with proposals for future research. Smallholders, Food Standards, and GVCsThe GVC analysis of agrifood chains and their governance structure provides a conceptual framework to capture the diverse conditions of small-scale producers in the contemporary agrifood industry. It specifies the role and position of smallholders within the intersection of global and local agrifood value chains by mapping the geographic dispersion and organizational integration of these chains. It also highligh...

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Section: Four Scenarios For Smallholder Access In Agrifood Marketsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global value chains and agrifood standards: Challenges and possibilities for smallholders in developing countries

Lee

Gereffi²,

Beauvais³

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

379

280

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“…Such outbreaks have besides very severe consequences for public health also a significant economic impact (Calvin, Avendano, & Schwentesius, 2004;WHO, 2011a). Other food safety issues such as pesticide residues, antimicrobial resistance, wax coatings, nanomaterials and genetically modified organisms are increasingly becoming a concern for the fresh produce supply chain (Tait & Bruce, 2001;Magnuson, Jonaitis, & Card, 2011;Domingo & Gine Bordonaba, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food safety issues in fresh produce: Bacterial pathogens, viruses and pesticide residues indicated as major concerns by stakeholders in the fresh produce chain

et al. 2013

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(word count = 400)In January 2011, a workshop was organized by the EU FP7 Veg-i-Trade project to capture opinions of stakeholders on food safety issues in the global fresh produce supply chain. Food safety experts from various stakeholder types in the farm-to-fork chain were represented: farmer related organizations (n=6), fresh produce processing and trading companies (n=17), retail (n=3), consumer organizations (n=2), competent authorities (n=7) and lastly research institutes and universities (n=19). The experts were grouped in nine discussion groups per type of stakeholder and asked to rank food safety issues via a scoring approach according to perceived importance from their stakeholder type point of view. Also information sources for opinion making, appropriate food safety control measures and perceived contextual factors increasingly challenging governance of food safety in fresh produce were ranked according to perceived importance. Although some differences were noted between opinions of the different stakeholders, there was in general an agreement on the main priorities in food safety of fresh produce. Bacterial pathogens were overall considered to be the most important food safety issue for fresh produce, followed by foodborne viruses, pesticide residues and mycotoxins. Alert systems such as the European Commission"s Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) were considered as the most important source of information of food safety issues, followed by reports of international organizations (e.g. WHO, EFSA), legislative documents (e.g. EU legislation), national reports (e.g. on monitoring hazards, foodborne outbreaks) and exchange of information between people (informal contacts).Concerning the control measures, the application of good agricultural practices (GAP) was identified to be the most important control measure to assure the safety of fresh produce, followed by the application of good hygienic practices (GHP) and the certification of food safety management systems (FSMS). Increasing international trade and globalization were overall expected to have a large impact on food safety in fresh produce. Other contextual 3 factors perceived to be important were the food safety policies by governments and the (lack of) food safety knowledge by consumers and other stakeholders of the fresh produce supply chain. Although the various stakeholder groups may conceive issues differently from their proper position in the fresh produce supply chain, no deep disagreements emerged. This type of workshop enhances interaction and communication between stakeholders and contributes to a better understanding of each other"s concerns, constraints and motivating interests to deal with the food safety of the increasingly complex and globalized fresh produce supply chain. Key wordsdiscussion group, fresh produce, food safety issue, control measures, contextual factors, information source 4 IntroductionFresh produce is an important part of a healthy diet. Its consumption is known to have a protective health effe...

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“…Safety economics [1][2][3][4]11,12] itself is in the growth stage, and the development of the discipline is imperfection. The economics of port safety as a part of the safety economics, also is imperfection, and there are very few existing research achievements.…”

Section: Research Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Basic Framework and Significance on the Economics of Port Safety

et al. 2016

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Abstract. This article is based on drawing lessons from the basic theory of safety economics, such as the basic concepts, principles, theories, research methods, etc.; and is combined with the actual on the safety production of port enterprises. It has expounded the basic theory on the economics of port safety, such as basic connotation, subject investigated and research method; and has pointed out the basic features. The significance and value of research on the economics of port safety have been analysed in article. The basic framework on the economics of port safety has sketched in this article.

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The Economics of Food Safety and Produce: The Case of Green Onions and Hepatitis A Outbreaks

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Global value chains and agrifood standards: Challenges and possibilities for smallholders in developing countries

Global value chains and agrifood standards: Challenges and possibilities for smallholders in developing countries

Food safety issues in fresh produce: Bacterial pathogens, viruses and pesticide residues indicated as major concerns by stakeholders in the fresh produce chain

Basic Framework and Significance on the Economics of Port Safety

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