“…A …rst literature focuses on dispute settlement procedures in trade agreements (see Park, 2016, for a recent survey); within this literature, our paper is most closely related methodologically to Maggi and Staiger (2011), who provide the basic model of dispute settlement in trade agreements on which we build. A second and more recent literature focuses on dispute settlement procedures in investment treaties (see, for example Konrad, 2017, Horn, 2018, Stahler, 2018, Horn and Tangeras, 2019, Janeba, 2019, Kohler and Stahler, 2019and Sykes, 2019. Our use of the Maggi and Staiger (2011) framework makes us methodologically distinct from these papers.…”