The economics of sustainable events.

Abstract

This chapter examines the relationship between economic impacts and potential benefits that events may bring to host communities. In addition, there is an exploration of measures of economic impacts and of ways in which host communities formulate their decisions. Finally, the chapter looks at contextualizing the catalytic effect that ensues when there is an increase in investment due to events taking place. The case study approach is used to support the arguments in the literature.

Towards a new local tourism economy: Understanding sense of community, social impacts and potential enterprise opportunities in Podgrađe Bač, Vojvodina, Serbia

“…(2003: 26), ‘social impacts are defined as any impacts that potentially affect the quality of life of local residents’. Social impacts are linked to community development, civic pride, and induced development through new expenditures (Raj and Musgrave, 2009). There are also challenges involved if new infrastructures are not maximised, everyday life is disrupted, and wealth is not distributed equally (Christie and Gibb, 2015; Clark and Kearns, 2015; Raj and Musgrave, 2009).…”

Study of Perceptions on Cultural Events’ Sustainability

“…To evaluate the activities which could generate positive and negative effects, we conducted exploratory research, reviewed the existent literature [36,37], and conducted interviews with TIFF organizers. To evaluate the residents' perceptions, we used a questionnaire to collect data.…”

“…Based on the literature of event sustainability [1,10,20,26,36,39] and on residents' perceptions [25,37], 23 items were generated to assess the residents' perceptions in the case of TIFF. Of the 23 items created, six addressed economic factors, nine socio-cultural factors, and eight environmental aspects.…”

“…Increases the residents' incomes and their standard of living Created based on [10,20,25,36,37,39] Creates new employment opportunities for residents [25,36,37]; Created based on [39] Generates additional revenues for the local budget Created based on [20,26,37] Attracts investments to the city [25] Encourages the residents to develop new economic activities (stimulates the local entrepreneurship) Created based on [10,26,37] Generates additional public services expenditures (like police, firemen, etc.) [37] Provides multiple opportunities to spend free time Adapted from [25,37] Promotes communication and social interactions Created based on [10,39] Stimulates the emergence/development of the feeling of pride for "being from Cluj-Napoca" Created based on [10] Promotes local culture and identity Created based on [10,37] Stimulates the development of city's cultural life Created based on [10,37,39] Facilitates the educational and cultural development of the society Created based on [10] Improves the residents' foreign language skills [37] Generates an increase in crime rate [37] Has a negative impact on the society's moral principles [37,39] Contributes to the improvement of the city's natural environment [37] Creates traffic congestion Created based on [20,26]; adapted from [25,37,…”

“…[37] Provides multiple opportunities to spend free time Adapted from [25,37] Promotes communication and social interactions Created based on [10,39] Stimulates the emergence/development of the feeling of pride for "being from Cluj-Napoca" Created based on [10] Promotes local culture and identity Created based on [10,37] Stimulates the development of city's cultural life Created based on [10,37,39] Facilitates the educational and cultural development of the society Created based on [10] Improves the residents' foreign language skills [37] Generates an increase in crime rate [37] Has a negative impact on the society's moral principles [37,39] Contributes to the improvement of the city's natural environment [37] Creates traffic congestion Created based on [20,26]; adapted from [25,37,39] Creates waste and has a negative impact on the city's aesthetic aspect Created based on [20,39] Determines an increase in the pollution level in the city Created based on [20]; adapted from [25] Contributes to the destruction of tourist attractions Adapted from [39] Motivates public institutions to arrange the public spaces (roads, buildings, parks) Adapted from [25,37] Motivates public institutions to exploit unused spaces for cultural and social life Created based on [10,36] Motivates the public institutions to invest in the restoration of cinemas Created based on [10,25,36] Source: created by the authors.…”