The economics of vision impairment and its leading causes: A systematic review

Marques, Ana Patrícia; Ramke, Jacqueline; Cairns, John; Butt, Thomas; Zhang, Justine H; Jones, Iain; Jovic, Marty; Nandakumar, A; Faal, Hannah; Taylor, Hugh R.; Bastawrous, Andrew; Braithwaite, Tasanee; Resnikoff, Serge; Khaw, PT; Bourne, Rupert; Gordon, Iris; Frick, Kevin D.; Burton, Matthew

doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101354

Cited by 67 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…The leading causes of blindness in developed countries are primarily age-related ocular diseases, which constitute a sizable socioeconomic burden. Worldwide, visual impairments due to eye conditions (including age-related macular degeneration [AMD] diabetic retinopathy, cataract, uncorrected refractive error and other causes) incur an estimated annual cost of 2.302 trillion dollars US in direct health system costs, with another 625 billion dollars in indirect costs and loss of productivity ( Gordois et al, 2012 ; Marques et al, 2022 ). Furthermore, the prevalence of eye diseases will continue to grow due to the aging population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential role of extracellular granzyme B in wet age-related macular degeneration and fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy

Dubchak

Obasanmi²,

Zeglinski³

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Age-related ocular diseases are the leading cause of blindness in developed countries and constitute a sizable socioeconomic burden worldwide. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) are some of the most common age-related diseases of the retina and cornea, respectively. AMD is characterized by a breakdown of the retinal pigment epithelial monolayer, which maintains retinal homeostasis, leading to retinal degeneration, while FECD is characterized by degeneration of the corneal endothelial monolayer, which maintains corneal hydration status, leading to corneal edema. Both AMD and FECD pathogenesis are characterized by disorganized local extracellular matrix (ECM) and toxic protein deposits, with both processes linked to aberrant protease activity. Granzyme B (GrB) is a serine protease traditionally known for immune-mediated initiation of apoptosis; however, it is now recognized that GrB is expressed by a variety of immune and non-immune cells and aberrant extracellular localization of GrB substantially contributes to various age-related pathologies through dysregulated cleavage of ECM, tight junction, and adherens junction proteins. Despite growing recognition of GrB involvement in multiple age-related pathologies, its role in AMD and FECD remains poorly understood. This review summarizes the pathophysiology of, and similarities between AMD and FECD, outlines the current knowledge of the role of GrB in AMD and FECD, as well as hypothesizes putative contributions of GrB to AMD and FECD pathogenesis and highlights the therapeutic potential of pharmacologically inhibiting GrB as an adjunctive treatment for AMD and FECD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential role of extracellular granzyme B in wet age-related macular degeneration and fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy

Dubchak

Obasanmi²,

Zeglinski³

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…As uncorrected refractive errors cause disability and economic loss at both the personal and national levels, it is important to reduce its burden worldwide and nationally. According to clinical experience and quantitative measures, refractive error has a significant impact on people's quality of life and affects people's psychosocial well-being [22][23][24][25][26][27] . Even under conservative assumptions, the estimated productivity loss associated with visual impairments from uncorrected refractive errors is substantially greater than the cost of correcting refractive errors [26] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncorrected refractive errors are important causes of avoidable visual impairment in Hungary: re-evaluation of two existing national data sets

Németh,

Sándor,

Keve

et al. 2023

Int J Ophthalmol

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AIM: To review existing data for the prevalence of corrected, uncorrected, and inadequately corrected refractive errors and spectacle wear in Hungary. METHODS: Data from two nationwide cross-sectional studies were analysed. The Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness study collected population-based representative national data on the prevalence of visual impairment due to uncorrected refractive errors and spectacle coverage in 3523 people aged ≥50y (Group I). The Comprehensive Health Test Program of Hungary provided data on the use of spectacles in 80 290 people aged ≥18y (Group II). RESULTS: In Group I, almost half of the survey population showed refractive errors for distant vision, about 10% of which were uncorrected (3.2% of all male participants and 5.0% of females). The distance spectacle coverage was 90.7% (91.9% in males; 90.2% in females). The proportion of inadequate distance spectacles was found to be 33.1%. Uncorrected presbyopia was found in 15.7% of participants. In all age groups (Group II), 65.4% of females and 56.0% of males used distance spectacles, and approximately 28.9% of these spectacles were found to be inappropriate for dioptric power (with 0.5 dioptres or more). The prevalence of inaccurate distance spectacles was significantly higher in older age groups (71y and above) in both sexes. CONCLUSION: According to this population-based data, uncorrected refractive errors are not rare in Hungary. Despite recent national initiatives, further steps are required to reduce uncorrected refractive errors and associated negative effects on vision, such as avoidable visual impairment.

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“…[ 6 , 7 ] Higher burden and depression are found among caregivers of the visually impaired,[ 8 ] which further negatively affects the impaired child. These burdens are attributable to higher multi-morbidity,[ 9 ] economic burden costs of medical and social care,[ 10 , 11 ] and restricted educational, occupational, and social opportunities. [ 11 ] Many visually impaired due to their disability may experience bullying, a lifetime prevalence may be as high as 41.7%,[ 12 ] maltreatment,[ 13 ] violence,[ 14 , 15 ] and sexual exploitation or abuse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of depression in visually impaired children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Bakhla¹,

Pallavi²,

Kisku³

et al. 2023

Indian Journal of Psychiatry

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The prevalence of depression among visually impaired or blind children and adolescents has not been systematically reviewed. This study aims to provide the prevalence of depression among visually impaired or blind children and adolescents. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines (PRISMA) (2020) and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. A systematic search of various online databases was done to identify and include studies reporting the prevalence of depression among visually impaired or blind children and adolescents (aged up to 20 years). A random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of depression. Heterogeneity was assessed using I 2 to explain heterogeneity meta-regressive analysis and subgroup analyses were done. With the finally selected 13 studies consisting of 822 participants, the overall pooled prevalence of depression or dysthymia among visually impaired children or adolescents was 14% (137/822 individuals, 95% CI = 9% to 20%), with high heterogeneity between studies (I 2 = 80.11%; P < 0.001). Five studies that expressed gender distribution showed a cumulative prevalence of diagnosed depressive disorders was 6.85% and 18.96%, respectively, for male (n = 219, I 2 = 47.52) and female (n = 116, I 2 = 60.6%) participants. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we selected and analyzed 13 studies and estimated pooled prevalence of depression was 14% (95% CI = 9% to 20%), among visually impaired or blind children and adolescents.

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The economics of vision impairment and its leading causes: A systematic review

Cited by 67 publications

References 132 publications

Potential role of extracellular granzyme B in wet age-related macular degeneration and fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy

Potential role of extracellular granzyme B in wet age-related macular degeneration and fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy

Uncorrected refractive errors are important causes of avoidable visual impairment in Hungary: re-evaluation of two existing national data sets

Prevalence of depression in visually impaired children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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