The Economy of Love in Religious Commitment: The Deconversion of Women from Nontraditional Religious Movements

Entrepreneurial Cognition

“…Hitting rock bottom in this way-because one has formed associative connections between the negative features and outcomes of their lives-triggers a number of problems (Baumeister 1994) that ultimately bring negativity to a climax such that the individual's commitment to his or her role is changed in a fundamental way. For instance, many people have recounted hitting rock bottom over dissatisfaction with religious groups (Jacobs 1984;Wright 1984), marriage (Vaughan 1990), and criminal behavior (Paternoster and Bushway 2009). …”

“…Hitting rock bottom generates an emotional crisis, or an extremely negative state that people want to escape from (Jacobs 1984;Paternoster and Bushway 2009;Vaughan 1990;Wright 1984). When this occurs, the individual will likely see his or her life in a substantially different light, radically changing his or her perspectives on roles, commitments, and relationships that make up his or her life (Baumeister 1994;Maitlis 2009).…”

“…First, after they have hit rock bottom, people divert their focus away from the negative outcomes of identity loss in an effort to get away from the present (Jacobs 1984;Paternoster and Bushway 2009;Vaughan 1990;Wright 1984), which can help lessen negative affect (Baumeister 1994). By reducing negative emotions , play helps the individual escape without the constraint of a limited focus on well-rehearsed actions (e.g., identity protection or restructuring).…”

Entrepreneurial Identity

“…First, after they have hit rock bottom, people divert their focus away from the negative outcomes of identity loss in an effort to get away from the present (Jacobs 1984;Paternoster and Bushway 2009;Vaughan 1990;Wright 1984), which can help lessen negative affect (Baumeister 1994). By reducing negative emotions (Fredrickson 1998), play helps the individual escape without the constraint of a limited focus on well-rehearsed actions (e.g., identity protection or restructuring).…”

Gender and New Religions in Modern Japan

“…However, the doctrine and the organization of New Religions often emphasize the absolute hierarchical order between the leader and the group. In particular, the stronger the group's tendency to safeguard information, the higher the risk that women believers will experience sexual abuse (Jacobs 1984).…”