The ecosystems SAR (EcoSAR) an airborne P-band polarimetric InSAR for the measurement of vegetation structure, biomass and permafrost

Rincon, Rafael; Fatoyinbo, Lola; Ranson, K.J.; Osmanoǧlu, Batuhan; Sun, Guoqing; Deshpande, M.D.; Perrine, Martin; Toit, C.F. du; Bonds, Quenton; Beck, Jaclyn; Lu, Daniel

doi:10.1109/radar.2014.6875827

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…EcoSAR is an airborne DBF SAR instrument developed at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center [21,[51][52][53]. It was funded through the 2010 ESTO Instrument Incubator Program with the goal to measure forest structure, biomass, ice sheets and dry soils.…”

Section: Ecosar System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Antenna Pattern Notching of Interference in Synthetic Aperture Radar Data Using Digital Beamforming

et al. 2019

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Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) is a growing problem in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems as scientific motivations push the radars to lower frequencies and as more wireless services share the frequency spectrum. New, advanced SAR instruments, such as NASA’s EcoSAR, DBSAR and DLR’s Tandem-L mission, employ a multichannel architecture capable of Digital Beamforming (DBF). Radars with DBF are capable of notching the antenna pattern in specific directions, which can be utilized to suppress RFI on board or in post-processing. A well-researched beamformer for this purpose is the Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) Beamformer. However, the number of interferers that can be removed through notching is limited by the number of receive channels. It is therefore essential to adaptively change the antenna pattern notching throughout the image in time and frequency for the best results with a given number of receive channels. In this paper, we present several methods to achieve this notching by making use of the spatial SAR signal distribution in range time, range frequency, azimuth time and azimuth Doppler that is inherent to the SAR imaging geometry. Because this distribution is time-variable and yet predictable, it can be used to improve the angle of arrival estimation of the RFI and the adaptive notching. The presented methods can be applied to a Digital Beamforming (DBF) SAR signal with multiple channels in elevation and/or in azimuth. Simulations show that the proposed methods increase the ability to notch out-of-swath interference from multiple directions and lessen the impact on in-swath interference. The improvement of the interferometric coherence for a single-pass interferogram acquired by NASA’s EcoSAR system (capable of DBF in elevation) is demonstrated. The removal of periodic RFI artifacts is achieved.

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Section: Ecosar System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Antenna Pattern Notching of Interference in Synthetic Aperture Radar Data Using Digital Beamforming

et al. 2019

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“…EcoSAR is a beamforming synthetic aperture radar (SAR) instrument developed at the NASA/ Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) as a part of NASA's Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) Instrument Incubator Program (IIP). The instrument was designed to make polarimetric and "single pass" interferometric measurements of ecosystem structure and biomass [1][2] from a platform on board a P3 aircraft (see Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A more detailed description of each subsystem is given by Rincon et al [1]. Performance parameters and characteristics achieved with EcoSAR are listed on Table I. EcoSAR's first flight campaign took place in March 2014 over areas of the Bahamas and Costa Rica.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced antenna design for NASA's EcoSAR instrument

Toit

Deshpande

Rincon

2016

2016 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology (PAST)

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Advanced antenna arrays were designed for NASA's EcoSAR airborne radar instrument. EcoSAR is a beamforming synthetic aperture radar instrument designed to make polarimetric and "single pass" interferometric measurements of Earth surface parameters. EcoSAR's operational requirements of a 435MHz center frequency with up to 200MHz bandwidth, dual polarization, high cross-polarization isolation (> 30 dB), ± 45° beam scan range and antenna formfactor constraints imposed stringent requirements on the antenna design. The EcoSAR project successfully developed, characterized, and tested two array antennas in an anechoic chamber. EcoSAR's first airborne campaign conducted in the spring of 2014 generated rich data sets of scientific and engineering value, demonstrating the successful operation of the antennas.

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“…Jaquemoud et al (1992) developed the SOILSPEC radiative transfer model in the laboratory, which accounts for the soil roughness, the solar-view angle geometry, and the intrinsic optical properties of soils materials to compute soil bidirectional reflectance from 450 to 2450 nm. The penetration of the signal is better in the thermal infrared and in the microwave domains and both domains have in some circumstances a better potential for monitoring the soil moisture , El-Hajj et al,2014, Rincon et al, 2014, Han et al, 2015. Most models tested for the retrieval of soil moisture using optical and thermal infrared data (Leng et al, 2014), geostationary satellite data (Leng et al, 2015), surface shortwave radiation (Zhao et al, 2013), AMSR-E (Duan et al, 2014& Liu et al, 2014 or RADARSAT-2 data (Lievens, 2012) gave encouraging results over bare soils but not on moderately or densely vegetated areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Soil Moisture in a Coal Mining Area With Multi-Phase Landsat Images

Kong¹,

Xian²,

Yang³

et al. 2016

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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ABSTRACT：The coal development zone of Northern Shaanxi, China is one of the eight largest coal mines in the world, also the national energy and chemical bases. However, the coal mining leads to ground surface deformation and previous studies show that in collapse fissure zone soil water losses almost 50% compared with non-fissure zone. The main objective of this study is to develop a retrieval model that is reliable and sensitive to soil moisture in the whole coal mining zone of Northern Shaanxi based upon the soil sample parameters collected from in situ site investigation, spectral data gathered simultaneously and the images of Landsat7 ETM. The model uses different phases of Landsat data to retrieve soil moisture and analyze the patterns of spatial and temporal variations of soil moisture caused by ground deformation in the coal mining areas. The study indicated that band4 of Landsat7 ETM is the most sensitive band for soil moisture retrieval using the spectrum method. The quadratic model developed by remote sensing reflectance (Rrs4) (corresponding to the band4) is the best pattern with the correlation coefficient of 0.858 between the observed and the estimated soil moisture. Two-phase Landsat7 ETM data of 2002 and 2009 and one phase Landsat8 OLI data of 2015 for the study area were selected to retrieve soil moisture information. The result showed that the mean relative error was 35.16% and the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) was 0.58%. The changes of the spatial distribution of inversed soil moisture revealed that the trend of soil moisture contents of the study area was in general being gradually reduced from 2002 to 2015. The study results can serve as the baseline for monitoring environmental impacts on soil moisture in the regions due to coal mining.

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The ecosystems SAR (EcoSAR) an airborne P-band polarimetric InSAR for the measurement of vegetation structure, biomass and permafrost

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Adaptive Antenna Pattern Notching of Interference in Synthetic Aperture Radar Data Using Digital Beamforming

Adaptive Antenna Pattern Notching of Interference in Synthetic Aperture Radar Data Using Digital Beamforming

Advanced antenna design for NASA's EcoSAR instrument

Monitoring Soil Moisture in a Coal Mining Area With Multi-Phase Landsat Images

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