2019
DOI: 10.37358/rc.19.7.7379
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The Ecotoxicology of Heavy Metals from Various Anthropogenic Sources and Pathways for their Bioremediation

Abstract: Although Cu and Zn are important microelements with well-defined roles in organisms functioning, their presence in toxic concentrations is related to a contamination process. On the other hand, Pb, Cd, and Hg are toxic xenobiotics with cumulative effects on various organisms, and in the case of Ni the reports are contradictory. All of these heavy metals are found as a naturally content in the earth�s crust wherefrom are mobilized through volcanic eruptions or mining activities. Some human activities, such as m… Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…Methemoglobin forms when the ferrous (Fe 2+ ) ions in heme are oxidized to the ferric (Fe 3+ ) state, and the molecule will be unable to carry oxygen to tissues. MHb can form either spontaneously or be induced to form by many substances, including chlorites, phenolic compounds and heavy metals such as copper, zinc and cobalt [37][38][39]. Normally, methemoglobin is reconverted to hemoglobin spontaneously by an enzymatic reduction within the cells.…”
Section: Blood Compatibility Testsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Methemoglobin forms when the ferrous (Fe 2+ ) ions in heme are oxidized to the ferric (Fe 3+ ) state, and the molecule will be unable to carry oxygen to tissues. MHb can form either spontaneously or be induced to form by many substances, including chlorites, phenolic compounds and heavy metals such as copper, zinc and cobalt [37][38][39]. Normally, methemoglobin is reconverted to hemoglobin spontaneously by an enzymatic reduction within the cells.…”
Section: Blood Compatibility Testsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Among toxicants, metals represent a threat to aquatic organisms, as they are highly toxic even at low concentrations (Newman, 2015 ; Ali et al, 2019 ; Gradinaru et al, 2019 ). Metals have been amply studied at different scales, aquatic environments, and taxonomic groups (Bryan et al, 1995 ; Mayer-Pinto et al, 2010 ; Newman, 2015 ; Gissi et al, 2016 ; Ali et al, 2019 ; Gradinaru et al 2019 ; Sadeq and Beckerman, 2019 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Among toxicants, metals represent a threat to aquatic organisms, as they are highly toxic even at low concentrations (Newman, 2015 ; Ali et al, 2019 ; Gradinaru et al, 2019 ). Metals have been amply studied at different scales, aquatic environments, and taxonomic groups (Bryan et al, 1995 ; Mayer-Pinto et al, 2010 ; Newman, 2015 ; Gissi et al, 2016 ; Ali et al, 2019 ; Gradinaru et al 2019 ; Sadeq and Beckerman, 2019 ). Additionally, their toxicological effects have been studied at individual scale, including mortality, behavior, reproduction, and growth endpoints (Alonso et al, 2009 , 2010 ; Martins et al, 2017 ; Ali et al, 2019 ; Sadeq and Beckerman, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2020 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The main sources of water pollution with such toxic metal ions are the industrial effluents, resulted from various industrial sections (such as electroplating, fertilizers manufacturing, batteries manufacturing, paints fabrications, etc.) [4][5][6]. Incomplete or inefficient treatment of these effluents during technological processes, followed by their discharge into the environment are mainly responsible for the contamination of water sources with this kind of pollutants.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%