The Edentata of the Santa Cruz Beds

Scott, W. B.

doi:10.1126/science.17.440.900

Cited by 26 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…This diversity is significantly lower than in the Santacrucian fauna (at least five hypselodont genera, each with several species) and in the Colhuehuapian fauna (three hypselodont genera: Perimys, Eoviscaccia, and Cephalomyopsis). Perimys shows several cranial and mandibular characters that resemble those of the living plains vizcacha Lagostomus (Ameghino, 1889;Scott, 1905;Landry, 1957;Wood and Patterson, 1959;Vucetich, 1975), and both share a bilaminar dentition (trilaminar in M3). Lagostomus is restricted to the southern open savannahs; it has fossorial habits and constructs complex colonial burrows (Llanos and Crespo, 1952;Woods, 1984).…”

Section: Pinturas Vertebrate Scenariomentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The five recognized species of the Pinturan fauna (Eosteiromys annectens, Eosteiromys cf. E. homogenidens, Branisamyopsis praesigmoides, Steiromys duplicatus, and S. principalis) exceed the three species known for the Santacrucian fauna (Ameghino, 1887;Scott, 1905), two for the Deseadan (Wood and Patterson, 1959), three for the Colloncuran (Vucetich et al, 1993;Candela, 2000), three for the Laventan (Fields, 1957;Walton, 1990Walton, , 1996, and one for the Huayquerian (Rovereto, 1914). The diversity of Pinturan erethizontids is exceeded only by the seven Colhuehuapian species (Candela, 2000).…”

Section: Pinturas Vertebrate Scenariomentioning

confidence: 96%

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Hystricognath rodents from the Pinturas Formation, Early–Middle Miocene of Patagonia, biostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental implications

Kramarz

Bellosi

2005

Journal of South American Earth Sciences

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Section: Pinturas Vertebrate Scenariomentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Pinturas Vertebrate Scenariomentioning

confidence: 96%

Hystricognath rodents from the Pinturas Formation, Early–Middle Miocene of Patagonia, biostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental implications

Kramarz

Bellosi

2005

Journal of South American Earth Sciences

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“…[7 -9]). The first well-preserved skulls and skeletons allowing extensive anatomical descriptions are only known from the Early Miocene Santacrucian South American Land Mammal Ages (SALMA), around 16 -17 Ma [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oldest cingulate skulls provide congruence between morphological and molecular scenarios of armadillo evolution

et al. 2011

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The cingulates of the mammalian order Xenarthra present a typical case of disagreement between molecular and morphological phylogenetic studies. We report here the discovery of two new skulls from the Late Oligocene Salla Beds of Bolivia (approx. 26 Ma), which are the oldest known well-preserved cranial remains of the group. A new taxon is described: Kuntinaru boliviensis gen. et sp. nov. A phylogenetic analysis clusters K. boliviensis together with the armadillo subfamily Tolypeutinae. These skulls document an early spotty occurrence for the Tolypeutinae at 26 Ma, in agreement with the temporal predictions of previous molecular studies. The fossil record of tolypeutines is now characterized by a unique occurrence in the Late Oligocene, and a subsequent 12 Myr lack in the fossil record. It is noteworthy that the tolypeutines remain decidedly marginal in the Late Palaeogene and Early Neogene deposits, whereas other cingulate groups diversify. Also, the anatomical phylogenetic analysis herein, which includes K. boliviensis, is congruent with recent molecular phylogenetic analyses. Kuntinaru boliviensis is the oldest confident calibration point available for the whole Cingulata.

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“…There is a circular facet lateral to the ulnar facet as in Anisotemnus. It articulates with the radial notch of the ulna, and it does not seem to be a facet for an elbow sesamoid, as observed in Nesodon (Scott, 1912) or Adinotherium (Croft et al, 2004). The styloid process is short and projects distally, and there is a conspicuous oblique line on the anterior margin ( Figure 5.3-5.4).…”

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 92%

An exceptionally well-preserved skeleton of Thomashuxleya externa (Mammalia, Notoungulata), from the Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina

Carrillo

Asher

2017

Palaeontologia Electronica

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We describe one of the oldest notoungulate skeletons with associated craniodental and postcranial elements: Thomashuxleya externa (Isotemnidae) from Cañadón Vaca in Patagonia, Argentina (Vacan subage of the Casamayoran SALMA, middle Eocene). We provide body mass estimates given by different elements of the skeleton, describe the bone histology, and study its phylogenetic position. We note differences in the scapulae, humerii, ulnae, and radii of the new specimen in comparison with other specimens previously referred to this taxon. We estimate a body mass of 84 ± 24.2 kg, showing that notoungulates had acquired a large body mass by the middle Eocene. Bone histology shows that the new specimen was skeletally mature. The new material supports the placement of Thomashuxleya as an early, divergent member of Toxodontia. Among placentals, our phylogenetic analysis of a combined DNA, collagen, and morphology matrix favor only a limited number of possible phylogenetic relationships, but cannot yet arbitrate between potential affinities with Afrotheria or Laurasiatheria. With no constraint, maximum parsimony supports Thomashuxleya and Carodnia with Afrotheria. With Notoungulata and Litopterna constrained as monophyletic (including Macrauchenia and Toxodon known for collagens), these clades are reconstructed on the stem to Euungulata (i.e., Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla). Unconstrained, Bayesian analysis weakly supports the possibility that Thomashuxleya is a stem xenarthran; with Notoungulata and Litopterna constrained as monophyletic, the two clades are recovered as sister to Perissodactyla. Anatomical data sampled thus far for Thomashuxleya, combined with collagen amino acids for Pleistocene meridiungulates, substantially limit the number of possible affinities for endemic South American species among mammals, although ambiguity still remains.

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The Edentata of the Santa Cruz Beds

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Hystricognath rodents from the Pinturas Formation, Early–Middle Miocene of Patagonia, biostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental implications

Hystricognath rodents from the Pinturas Formation, Early–Middle Miocene of Patagonia, biostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental implications

Oldest cingulate skulls provide congruence between morphological and molecular scenarios of armadillo evolution

An exceptionally well-preserved skeleton of Thomashuxleya externa (Mammalia, Notoungulata), from the Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina

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