The educational patterning of health-related adversities in individuals with major depression

Klabbers, Gonnie; Bosma, Hans; Does, Willem Van der; Vogelzangs, Nicole; Kempen, Gertrudis I. J. M.; Eijk, J.T.M. van; Penninx, Brenda W. J. H.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.02.128

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…That more years of education increased risk for relapse or time spent depressed is counterintuitive since mood disordered individuals have poorer educational attainment (Chazelle et al, 2011), possibly due to illness effects. As well, less education has been associated with greater depression severity (Klabbers et al, 2010). Given the high unemployment (>64 and 68% in women and men, respectively) in this sample, we explored whether highly educated individuals who were unemployed were at greater risk for depression during follow-up and found this to be so (HR=1.19, z=5.7, p<.0001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in clinical predictors of depression: A prospective study

Oquendo¹,

Turret²,

Grunebaum³

et al. 2013

Journal of Affective Disorders

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Estimating the likelihood of future major depressive episodes (MDEs) would assist clinicians in decision-making regarding the optimal length of treatment for MDE. Unfortunately, little data are available to guide clinical practice. Methods We followed 200 females and 152 males who responded to treatment for a MDE for 2 years to determine risk factors for future MDE. Cox Proportional Hazard Regression modeled time to first relapse into MDE and mixed effect logistic regression modeled monthly depression status. Results Females were more likely than males to experience a MDE in any month of the study, and marginally more likely to experience a relapse. By 12 months, 60% of females had relapsed compared to 51% of males (median time to relapse 8 vs 13 months, respectively). Several factors predicted worse outcome for both men and women: reported childhood abuse, earlier age of onset of first MDE, Bipolar Disorder, unemployment, and more years of education. For females, but not males, suicidal ideation predicted MDE relapse and both suicidal ideation and prior suicide attempts were associated with more time in a MDE. Limitations The naturalistic treatment of participants, exclusion of individuals with current comorbid alcohol or substance use disorder, and a follow up period of two years are limitations. Conclusions Women are more vulnerable to relapse and spend more time depressed compared to men. Identification of general and sex-specific risk factors for future depression may provide clinicians with useful tools to estimate need for ongoing pharmacotherapy in MDE.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in clinical predictors of depression: A prospective study

Oquendo¹,

Turret²,

Grunebaum³

et al. 2013

Journal of Affective Disorders

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Measures of weight and length were used to calculate body mass index and Doppler measures of blood pressure of the arm and ankle were used to calculate ankle-brachial index (ABI), a measure of peripheral arterial disease. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the revised guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) ( Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults, 2001 ; Grundy et al, 2005 ), described in detail previously ( Klabbers et al, 2010 ). In short, metabolic syndrome was defined when 3 of the following abnormalities were present: increased waist circumference, (treatment for) increased triglycerides, (treatment for) reduced high-density cholesterol, increased blood pressure or treatment for hypertension, and (treatment for) elevated glucose levels.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The associations of depression and hypertension with brain volumes: Independent or interactive?

Meurs

Groenewold

Roest

et al. 2015

NeuroImage: Clinical

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Independent studies on major depressive disorder (MDD) and hypertension, suggest overlapping abnormalities in brain regions associated with emotional and autonomic processing. However, the unique and interactive effects of MDD and hypertension have never been studied in a single sample. Brain volume in these areas may be an explanatory link in the comorbidity between MDD and hypertension. Voxel-based morphometry was used to test for main effects of MDD (N = 152) and hypertension (N = 82) and their interactions on gray and white matter volumes. Voxel-wise results are reported at p < .05 FWE corrected for the spatial extent of the whole brain and a-priori regions of interest (ROIs: hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG)). In addition, analyses on the extracted total volumes of our ROIs were performed. Interactive effects in the mid-cingulate cortex (MCC) (pFWE = .01), cerebellum (pFWE = .01) and in the ACC total ROI volume (p = .02) were found. MDD in the presence, but not in the absence of hypertension was associated with lower volumes in the ACC and MCC, and with a trend towards larger gray matter volume in the cerebellum. No associations with white matter volumes were observed. Results suggest that the combination of MDD and hypertension has a unique effect on brain volumes in areas implicated in the regulation of emotional and autonomic functions. Brain volume in these regulatory areas may be an explanatory link in the comorbidity between hypertension and MDD.

show abstract

“…In terms of adherence to treatment, daily activities, and emotional consequences, patients with lower levels of education generally have poorer outcomes (5,6). In terms of adherence to treatment, daily activities, and emotional consequences, patients with lower levels of education generally have poorer outcomes (5,6).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%