The EEC Commission and European Energy Policy: A Historical Appraisal

Abstract

Lecture Notes in Energy (LNE) is a series that reports on new developments in the study of energy: from science and engineering to the analysis of energy policy. The series' scope includes but is not limited to, renewable and green energy, nuclear, fossil fuels and carbon capture, energy systems, energy storage and harvesting, batteries and fuel cells, power systems, energy efficiency, energy in buildings, energy policy, as well as energy-related topics in economics, management and transportation. Books published in LNE are original and timely and bridge between advanced textbooks and the forefront of research. Readers of LNE include postgraduate students and non-specialist researchers wishing to gain an accessible introduction to a field of research as well as professionals and researchers with a need for an up-to-date reference book on a well-defined topic. The series publishes single and multi-authored volumes as well as advanced textbooks. This project has been funded with the support of the Lifelong Learning Programme of the European Union. The European Commission support for the production of this publication does not constitute an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made.Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) alberto.tonini@unifi.it Abstract Energy security has become a heavily discussed topic due to rising energy demand worldwide, increasing import dependence in many European countries, geopolitical tensions and conflicts and the need for a regulatory and policy response. The papers collected in this volume aim at analyzing how energy security in Europe influences international relations and environmental issues with a multidisciplinary perspective, corresponding to the b...

Efficiency, Energy Saving, and Rational Use of Energy: Different Terms for Different Policies

“…For instance, during the 1973-1974 austerity period [20][21][22], the following measures were adopted in Italy: (1) ban of motorized vehicles (including aircraft and boats) during holidays; (2) end of TV broadcasts at 10:45 pm and evening news moved from 8:30 to 8:00 pm; (3) shops closed at 7:00 pm with the obligation not to hold lightened signs, advertising signs, and shop windows; (4) bars and restaurants closed by h. 00:00 am; (5) cinemas and theaters closed by h. 11:00 pm; (6) immediate increase by 30% in fuel prices; (7) obligation to reduce public lighting by 40%; and (8) reduction of speed on roads to 50 km/h in urban areas, to 100 km/h on country roads, and to 120 km/h on motorways. In other countries the crisis of 1973 was the opportunity to introduce the daylight-savings time [5,23], while in the USA the bike race Daytona 200 was competed for 180 miles.…”