The Effect of 12 Weeks Aerobic, Resistance, and Combined Exercises on Omentin-1 Levels and Insulin Resistance among Type 2 Diabetic Middle-Aged Women

Abstract

BackgroundRecent studies have shown that omentin-1 derived from adipokines can affect physiological regulations and some metabolic dis-eases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsThe purpose of this study was to examine the impact of 12 weeks of aerobic (cycle ergometer), resistance, and combined exercises on omentin-1 level, glucose and insulin resistance indices in overweight middle age women with T2DM. In this study, 60 overweight middle age diabetic women were selected using simple random sampling and they were assigned to three groups of aerobic exercise (n=12), resistant exercise (n=12) and combined exercise (n=13), and one control group (n=15). Exercises were done in a three times per week sessions for a total of 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected before each exercise session and 24 hours after of the last session.ResultsPresent study showed that fasting blood sugar decreased significantly in all intervention groups, while homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) decreased only in the aerobic and combined exercises groups. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the omentin-1 level only in the combined exercise group.ConclusionCompared to aerobic and resistance exercises, 12 weeks of combined exercise was more efficient in improving HOMA-IR and increasing serum omentin-1 among women with T2DM.

Cross-Sectional Study of Association Between Glycemic Control and Quality of Life Among Diabetic Patients

“…Patients were included in this study based on factors that influence glycemic control, such as DM-targeted therapy. Previous studies showed that HbA1c levels are influenced by gender, ethnicity, health insurance, DM duration, physical activity, and understanding of language [6][7][8]. In this study, health insurance and understanding of language were not included as independent factors because most patients in Depok City already have national health insurance and understand Indonesian languages.…”

“…HbA1c monitoring should be performed routinely for all patients with DM, with a target of <7% in non-pregnant adult patients [6]. HbA1c levels are influenced by gender, race, health insurance, DM duration, physical activity, and language understanding, whereas marital status, self-control of glucose, type of DM therapy, and antihypertensive and anticholesterol drug use do not significantly affect this index [6][7][8]. QoL is affected by age, gender, race, comorbidities, occupational status, and educational level [6].…”

Lifestyle interventions for improving health and health behaviours in women with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review of the literature 2011–2017

“…to determine eligibility for inclusion (see previous section) in the review. Both reviewers agreed that an additional 91 papers should be excluded as they were not primary research studies (i.e., protocol papers; n = 6), unable to retrieve the full-text record (n = 8), they did not meet the inclusion criteria (e.g., the population included men or women but did not isolate results for women, the intervention was not lifestyle related, or was not designed for women with [29,[34][35][36]39], two originated from Europe (one from Italy [37] and one from Turkey [42]), six originated from Iran [26,27,[30][31][32][33] and the remaining three RCTs originated from Asia (one from India [38], Japan [28], and Thailand [41]). The trial conducted in India was a three armed RCT and the one conducted in Japan was a Crossover RCT.…”

“…The exercise intervention was also administered differently across the included studies. For example, AminiLari [26] examined the impact of 12 weeks of aerobic, resistance and combined exercises, Dodgostar [27] compared a supervised group based exercise therapy…”

“…Only five studies provided details of blinding of outcome assessors [34,36,38,39,41]. Around half of the studies either failed to blind study personnel and/or the outcomes, or provided insufficient information to determine whether blinding had occurred [25,27,28,31,32,35,37,40,42], while two studies had a high risk of bias of blinding participants/ personnel for outcomes [26,33]. For example, AminiLari [26] did not provide any details on how the participants or personnel were blinded for the study.…”