The Effect of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on the Serotype Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles in Children With Invasive Pneumococcal Disease

Gaviria-Agudelo, Claudia; Jordán-Villegas, Alejandro; Garcia, Carla E.; McCracken, George H.

doi:10.1093/jpids/piw005

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Wide use of PCVs among children in many countries has contributed to a dramatic reduction in incidence of IPD ( 6 , 10 , 11 , 35 – 38 ), pneumonia ( 12 , 13 , 39 ), and acute otitis media ( 14 , 15 ) caused by S. pneumoniae , while providing indirect herd immunity benefits for adults ( 11 , 23 , 40 , 41 ). Replacing PCV7 with PCV13 decidedly decreased serotype 19A isolates among causative pathogens, but in several countries, NVTs such as 15A and 35B increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Genotypic Penicillin Resistance and Serotype Changes, Japan, 2010–2017

Ubukata¹,

Takata²,

Morozumi³

et al. 2018

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

105

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To clarify year-to-year changes in capsular serotypes, resistance genotypes, and multilocus sequence types of Streptococcus pneumoniae, we compared isolates collected from patients with invasive pneumococcal disease before and after introductions of 7- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7 and PVC13, respectively). From April 2010 through March 2017, we collected 2,856 isolates from children and adults throughout Japan. Proportions of PCV13 serotypes among children decreased from 89.0% in fiscal year 2010 to 12.1% in fiscal year 2016 and among adults from 74.1% to 36.2%. Although nonvaccine serotypes increased after introduction of PCV13, genotypic penicillin resistance decreased from 54.3% in 2010 to 11.2% in 2016 among children and from 32.4% to 15.5% among adults. However, genotypic penicillin resistance emerged in 9 nonvaccine serotypes, but not 15A and 35B. Multilocus sequence typing suggested that resistant strains among nonvaccine serotypes may have evolved from clonal complexes 156 and 81. A more broadly effective vaccine is needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Genotypic Penicillin Resistance and Serotype Changes, Japan, 2010–2017

Ubukata¹,

Takata²,

Morozumi³

et al. 2018

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

105

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“…Existing vaccines are based upon capsular polysaccharide and are highly effective only against vaccine types ( 2 – 5 ). Serotype replacement occurs with increased colonization and disease caused by nonvaccine strains ( 6 , 7 ). With over 90 different capsular serotypes, there is a constant race to add more capsular types to further expand coverage to reduce disease burden amid a headwind of changing strain replacement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a TaqMan Array Card for Pneumococcal Serotyping on Isolates and Nasopharyngeal Samples

et al. 2016

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is both a commensal and a major pathogen that causes invasive disease in people of all ages. The introduction of serotype-specific pneumococcal vaccines has reduced the burden of disease but has also led to replacement with new strains; thus, serotyping remains important for vaccine-related disease surveillance. Conventional serotyping methods are laborious and expensive. We developed an easy-to-perform genotypic TaqMan array card (TAC) to identify S. pneumoniae strains, including lytA-based sequences, and 53 sequence-specific PCRs to identify 74 serotypes/serogroups covering all current vaccine types as well as prevalent nonvaccine types. The TAC method was evaluated on 146 clinical S. pneumoniae isolates and 13 nonpneumococcal species that naturally inhabit the upper respiratory tract and yielded 97% (142/146) sensitivity and 100% (13/13) specificity versus results of standard Quellung serotyping. The calculated limit of detection was 20 to 200 fg (∼8 to 84 genome equivalents) per reaction. On 23 blinded nasopharyngeal specimens that were pneumococcus culture positive, the TAC pan-pneumococcus lytA assay was positive in 21 (91% sensitivity versus culture). On TAC lytA-positive specimens, a serotype result was obtained on 86%, and the result was 95% accurate versus the subsequent culture's Quellung result. TAC also detected mixed serotypes in two specimens where Quellung detected only the predominant serotype. This TAC method yields fast and comprehensive serotyping compared to the standard method and may be useful on direct specimens.

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“…This finding might suggest the occurrence of competition in multi-valent vaccines such as PCV13 [54,156]. Persistence of vaccine serotypes has been noted earlier [155,157] and it has been reported that persistence and serotype replacement may have a geographical component [158]. …”

Section: Cell Wall Polysaccharides and Serotype Replacementmentioning

confidence: 84%

From Immunologically Archaic to Neoteric Glycovaccines

Cavallari

Libero

2017

Vaccines

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Polysaccharides (PS) are present in the outermost surface of bacteria and readily come in contact with immune cells. They interact with specific antibodies, which in turn confer protection from infections. Vaccines with PS from pneumococci, meningococci, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and Salmonella typhi may be protective, although with the important constraint of failing to generate permanent immunological memory. This limitation has in part been circumvented by conjugating glycovaccines to proteins that stimulate T helper cells and facilitate the establishment of immunological memory. Currently, protection evoked by conjugated PS vaccines lasts for a few years. The same approach failed with PS from staphylococci, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Klebsiella. All those germs cause severe infections in humans and often develop resistance to antibiotic therapy. Thereby, prevention is of increasing importance to better control outbreaks. As only 23 of more than 90 pneumococcal serotypes and 4 of 13 clinically relevant Neisseria meningitidis serogroups are covered by available vaccines there is still tremendous clinical need for PS vaccines. This review focuses on glycovaccines and the immunological mechanisms for their success or failure. We discuss recent advances that may facilitate generation of high affinity anti-PS antibodies and confer specific immunity and long-lasting protection.

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The Effect of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on the Serotype Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles in Children With Invasive Pneumococcal Disease

Cited by 38 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Genotypic Penicillin Resistance and Serotype Changes, Japan, 2010–2017

Effects of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Genotypic Penicillin Resistance and Serotype Changes, Japan, 2010–2017

Development of a TaqMan Array Card for Pneumococcal Serotyping on Isolates and Nasopharyngeal Samples

From Immunologically Archaic to Neoteric Glycovaccines

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