The effect of 3D weaving and consolidation on carbon fiber tows, fabrics, and composites

Archer, Edward; Buchanan, Saul; McIlhagger, Alistair; Quinn, JP

doi:10.1177/0731684410371405

Cited by 56 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Besides tension, torsion, and shear, for instance, friction mechanisms occur, which can damage the carbon tows by defibrillation and even lead to breaking of the fibre. This damage occurs during the process from spinning of the carbon filament to weaving [1][2][3][4], and can take place between tows and certain parts of the machine (especially metallic parts) or between tows. For these reasons, study of the friction phenomena and wear of the carbon fibres is very important because defects created during the manufacturing process of the composite material will induce defects in the final composite component.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction of carbon tows and fine single fibres

Tourlonias

Bueno

Poquillon

2017

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

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The aim of this study conducted on carbon tows and single fibres is to highlight some friction behaviours to help better understand the friction mechanisms that occur during the manufacture of carbon composites. These mechanisms are responsible for damage that reduces the specifications and lifetime of mechanical parts. An experiment has been developed in order to rub together two carbon tows, or two single carbon fibres (with a diameter down to 5 mm), at an angle of 90°. The influences of friction velocity, normal load, and type of carbon fibre have been studied. For both tows and fibres the friction follows the Coulomb's law because there is no influence of the velocity and the normal load in the tested range. The rearrangement of fibres within the tow has been shown to be fundamental. For the single fibre, the role of the Young's modulus and the sizing treatment is important.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction of carbon tows and fine single fibres

Tourlonias

Bueno

Poquillon

2017

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

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“…As it has been said before, the weaving process damages yarns because of friction on loom and tensioning parts or because of yarn-to-yarn friction. 15,20 These results may be directly and concretely observed on the warp, following the example of Figure 1(b) where damages consist of free fibrils, broken filaments or fibre clusters. The amount and quality of the phenomena which may be observed represents a great amount of information.…”

Section: Methodology Developmentmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The use of polyester is particular because the damages generation phenomenon is not identical to glass or carbon. Indeed, contrary to the previously mentioned materials, [13][14][15]20 damages were lightly studied for synthetic filaments. Our first observations in Figure 1(b) mainly revealed free long filaments, and filament clusters which stay linked to yarns, instead of the free fibres, fibrils and free fibre clusters which we had noticed with glass or carbon.…”

Section: Warp and Weft Yarns Warp Arrangementmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Polyester looks different 19 as it may not be as sensitive as glass and can stand a higher bending radius. 11 It may be noticed in Figure 1 According to the same publications, damages mainly originate from friction between yarns and loom parts: Archer et al 20 pay a particular attention to modifications needed for the loom in order to reduce rubbing of yarns against machinery which is, in their point of view, the biggest cause of damages. According to Lee et al, 15 damages are aggravated during shedding because of yarns clinging on each other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Motorized Jacquard technology for multilayer weaving damages study and reduction: Shed profile and close shed profile

Mathieu

Osselin

Dréan

2019

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics

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Materials used for composite reinforcements usually have high mechanical performances which are linked to a very sensitive and brittle behaviour to friction. The weaving process applied to delicate yarns, like glass, carbon and some other technical yarns, generate damages which tend to reduce the performances of the final composite. Shedding may be a major weaving stage for the generation of yarn damages. Based on a specific weaving pattern, it was observed that different shedding configurations could influence yarn damages at the shedding step. The specificity of the motorized Jacquard device is used to generate different movements and geometry configurations. A particular methodology needed to be set in order to confirm these observations and bring out a clear effect of shedding parameters on yarn damages. After damages have been identified and classified, some experiments will count the damage occurrences and evolutions in time according to shedding parameters. The aim of this research is first to show a clear effect of shedding on warp damaging thanks to the quantification of damages and then to set out an optimized configuration of shedding parameters which may reduce deterioration involved in high-density multilayer woven fabrics.

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“…Experimental observations on 3D woven composites have revealed that the woven fabric architecture has a dominant role in determining their mechanical properties and failure mechanisms [12][13][14][15][16][17]. The architecture of a 3D woven fabric is completely described by the four basic parameters -yarn characteristics (fineness, raw material, structure etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Strength Transfer from tow to Textile Composite Using Different Reinforcement Architectures

et al. 2011

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The paper proposes an experimental and analytical approach of designing composites with the predetermined ultimate strength, reinforced with warp interlock fabrics. In order to better understand the phenomena of transfer of tensile properties from a tow to the composite, intermediate phases of composite manufacturing have also been taken into account and tensile properties of tows taken from the loom and the woven reinforcements have also been tested. Process of transfer of mechanical properties of raw materials to the final product (composite) depends on various structural factors. Here the influence of weave structure, which ultimately influences crimp has been studied. A strength transfer coefficient has been proposed which helps in estimating the influence of architectural parameters on 3D woven composites. 3 woven interlock reinforcements were woven to form composites. The coefficients of strength transfer were calculated for these three variants. The structural parameters were kept the same for these three reinforcements except for the weave structure. In was found that the phenomenon of strength transfer from tow to composite is negatively influenced by the crimp. In general the strength transfer coefficients have higher values for dry reinforcements and afterwards due to resin impregnation the values drop.

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The effect of 3D weaving and consolidation on carbon fiber tows, fabrics, and composites

Cited by 56 publications

References 12 publications

Friction of carbon tows and fine single fibres

Friction of carbon tows and fine single fibres

Motorized Jacquard technology for multilayer weaving damages study and reduction: Shed profile and close shed profile

A Study of Strength Transfer from tow to Textile Composite Using Different Reinforcement Architectures

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