The effect of a combined choline salicylate and cetalkonium chloride gel on particular strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp.

Abstract

The ongoing control of virulent bacteria strains is a challenge for today’s medicine. An example of this, is one widely used drug employed in treating less serious external oral and ocular bacterial infections. This is a gel containing both cetalkonium chloride and choline salicylate. However, whether in the era of expanding bacterial resistance this gel is still effective, is not clear. Hence, in our work, its antibacterial effect was studied against 13 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 6 strains of Staphylococcus spp. and 6 strains of Streptococcus spp. drawn from the collection of the Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, Kazakh National Medical University, as well as against 30 strains of Staphylococcus spp. recently isolated from Kazakh medical students. This work demonstrated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was insensitive to this preparation in all samples, while the sensitivity of Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. was almost halved, compared to untreated samples. An interesting discovery was the greater resistance of strains obtained from student volunteers than from the collection. However, despite the evident resistance of some strains to the combined cetalkonium chloride and choline salicylate gel, we put forward that it can still be used in less serious external bacterial infections.

Recent Advances in the Excipients Used for Modified Ocular Drug Delivery

“…Cetalkonium chloride (CKC) is a quaternary ammonium compound of the Al-cyl-benzyl dimethylammonium chloride family with antiseptic properties. It is mainly used topically for eye and mouth infections and its mechanism of action is based on its positive charge [ 119 ]. However, CKC is not only used as an active ingredient but also has much potential as an adjuvant.…”

Choline Salicylate Analysis: Chemical Stability and Degradation Product Identification

“…For the treatment of pain and fever, CS is used orally at a dose of 435-870 mg to be administered every few hours. In adult rheumatic diseases, the dose is 4.8-7.2 g per day, in divided doses (ARTHROPAN, Purdue Frederick, United States) [2]. CS is used topically in the form of 20% drops in laryngology for treating inflammation of the middle ear and for softening and removing wax (OTINUM, PharmaSwiss/Valean Poland, SIA Meda Pharma, Lithuania; OTOTALGIN Farmina, Poland; AUDAX 20% Mundipharma, Cyprus) [3][4][5].…”

“…However, CS is most frequently used in the form of 8.7% gel combined with cetalkonium chloride or benzalkonium chloride (SACHOL, PharmaSwiss/Valean Poland; PANSORAL, Pierre Fabre, Lebanon, Pierre Fabre Médicament, France; Rovafarm, Argentina; DENCOL, Berko, Turkey) and in the form of lozenges for the treatment of inflammation, pain, and swelling of the oral cavity and throat mucosa (CHOLINEX GlaxoSmithKline, Poland; FARINGODOL FORTE, GlaxoSmithKline, Lithuania, Omega Pharma, Estonia) [6]. In addition, CS is used topically for muscle pain, muscle injuries, and rheumatic pain [2,7].…”

Trimethylammonium-Based Polymethacrylate Ionic Liquids with Tunable Hydrophilicity and Charge Distribution as Carriers of Salicylate Anions

“…Depending on the current anion, it has various applications. Choline chloride is used as an additive in feed for chickens as well as a deep eutectic solvent component, whereas choline salicylate is a popular antibacterial agent used in the treatment of aphthous ulcers . Choline ions are also used for delivery of a range of active pharmaceutical ingredients, which leads to better solubility and bioavailability of these drugs .…”

“…Choline chloride is used as an additive in feed for chickens 1 as well as a deep eutectic solvent component, 2 whereas choline salicylate is a popular antibacterial agent used in the treatment of aphthous ulcers. 3 Choline ions are also used for delivery of a range of active pharmaceutical ingredients, which leads to better solubility and bioavailability of these drugs. 4 In addition, some choline salts, which melt below 100 °C, are classified in the group of ionic liquids, which show chemical and thermal stability, low vapor pressure, and high ionic conductivity properties.…”