The effect of a performing arts intervention on caregivers of people with mild to moderately severe dementia

A systematic review and psychometric evaluation of resilience measurement scales for people living with dementia and their carers

“…The direct effect of PwD’s BP on CGs’ QoL (path c) was not statistically significant (B = .02, SE = .01, n.s. ), but the indirect effect of PwD’s BP on CGs’ QoL through the mediating role of CGs’ resilience (path c΄) was statistically significant (B = .01, SE = .01, p < .05) McManus et al [ 40 ] (1. To determine the feasibility and acceptability of a performing arts intervention (MPAI) for caregivers of people with mild to moderately severe dementia; 2.…”

“…There was partial support from a longitudinal cohort study for the DRS in carers [ 61 ]. Three did not specify hypotheses, but report improvements in the RS for carers in a grief coaching intervention [ 31 ], improvements in the CD-RISC 10 for carers in a grief intervention [ 59 ] and no difference in the BRS for carers in an arts intervention [ 40 ]. Test–retest data is required for the measures in these populations to help evidence stability of the measures when no change is anticipated.…”

Interventions to foster resilience in family caregivers of people with Alzheimer disease: a scoping review

“…Cerquera et al, 2017;Kidd et al, 2011;Orrell et al, 2017;Pandya, 2019), although the use of other less speci c but currently not validated scales was noted(Leach et al, 2015;McManus et al, 2021).After the performance of intervention programmes, an invariability(Leach et al, 2015;Orrell et al, 2017), an increase(Cerquera et al, 2017;Ghaffari et al, 2019;Pandya, 2019) and a decrease(Kidd et al, 2011;McManus et al, 2021) of the resilience values were found. According to the authors, this fact could be related to the sample composition (it was a small size and was mainly composed by women, who generally scored worse), to the programme implementation in the dyad, as well as to the scarce interest people had in the activity or the lack of adherence to the intervention.3.2 Other health outcomes that have been studied together with resilienceResilience has been studied together with other types of variables.…”

“…al., 2015; McManus et al, 2021; Pandya, 2019; Pienaar & Reynolds, 2015), but the de nition that indicated that resilience consisted of overcoming obstacles or positive adapting to adversity was emphasised in three of them (Ghaffari et al, 2019; Hunt et al, 2018; Kidd et al, 2011). The Wagnid and Young resilience scale was again used for the assessment of resilience through measurement tools ((Ghaffari et al, 2019).When trying to look for certain congruence with this type of variables and outcomes in resilience, it was observed in some cases that: when resilience levels increased, negative variables decreased(Ghaffari et al, 2019;McManus et al, 2021;Pandya, 2019) or remained the same(Leach et al, 2015). In the latter case, authors state that it happened because of the performance of the programme on the dyad and on female population or because of lack of adherence to the intervention.As for positive variables, there can be highlighted: the quality of life(Leach et al., 2015; McManus et al, 2021; Orrell et al, 2017) and mental health (Cerquera et al, 2017; Ghaffari et al, 2019; Kidd et al, 2011; Leach et al, 2015; McManus et al, 2021; Orrell et al, 2017; Pandya, 2019).3.3 Pro le of the caregiver receiving the interventionParticipants in the study were mainly women (between 41 and 80 years of age) married to a husband diagnosed with Alzheimer disease, who were cohabitants and also took care of the household chores (…”

“…increase of depression and overload near to the end of the programme. Caregivers had a feeling of helplessness post-intervention(Kidd et al, 2011).Although both of them were carried out during 8 weeks, the case of Kidd et al(Kidd et al, 2011) was performed in the participants' places of residence and on an exclusive sample of caregivers, who had to write a poem every week, and the study ofMcManus et al (McManus et al, 2021) applied performing arts on the dyad, in which it was highlighted: the need of caregivers to obtain skills on the management of the disease, the addition of other psychoeducative activities and the reduction of the onset of negative events, like stress, while performing the activity.When it comes to the qualitative studies (carried out exclusively on a total of 10 family caregivers), activities like painting (in the place of residence) or going to art galleries, together with other types of arts and crafts performed during 5 weeks, had positive meanings in resilience and mental health. They made possible for caregivers to have a feeling of 'rest and relief', besides allowing a better processing of Alzheimer disease changes; in fact, after the completion of this dynamic, the group continued it, as it was more useful for them than the self-help groups they used to attend(Hunt et al, 2018;Pienaar & Reynolds, …”